Protection Of Geographical Indication In India - A Case Study On Banasari Saree

Author: LawSphereX

Category: Intellectual Property

Published: 2026-08-23T20:48:26.577027+00:00

Updated: 2026-08-26T17:09:59.515+00:00

PROTECTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION IN

INDIA: A CASE STUDY ON BANASARI SAREE

Ojal Pandey, Gautam Buddha University Yamini Mishra, Gautam Buddha University

ABSTRACT

TRIPS had granted of given goods to retain the essence of the land by granting or allowing a geographical indication to goods, which are having specialty from their places of origin. Geographical indication is said when product is having characteristics showing or reflecting its place of origin in terms of its quality, especial things which signifies reputation. Due to interchangeable use of geographical name with good like “Banarasi Saree” loses their identity. Intellectual Property Right helps to increase the selling point as well as the characteristics differentiates or makes special in the vast variety of goods. It provides the safeguard to consumers and producers for assurance of quality and making the good worthy respectively.

Introduction The sign uses on the product or good which are having specific origin or place of origin and carrying qualities or reputation that are only because of place of the origin of the product. All the qualities of the goods and reputation are all depended upon the place of origin of the product, considering the qualities it shows the clear link between the product and place. World Intellectual Property Organization has described the above definition. It is not compulsory that there must be a link between the place or goods as considering the Basmati rice it shows the origin from 2 different countries, which are Pakistan and India. There are various geographical indications for the international liquor like Champagne, Havana, Tequila, and Scotch whisky, and because of their unquestionable essence it has gained the reputation.

Research by OECD, pointed 2 main elements that influences the success of rural or small enterprises:

1. Socially constructed differentiation

2. Market access

Objective of the study There are several objectives but there are some of the objectives, which are given below:

1. To provide the historical background to geographical indication;

2. To put forth the legislation for the geographical indication in India;

3. In support to the above point, to provide the legal framework of geographical indication

in India;

4. To provide understanding of geographical indication; and

5. To discuss the landmark or reputed cases of geographical indication in view of this

paper: to analyze the case of Indian weaver- Baanarsi Brocade Research Methodology In this paper geographical indication has been discussed extensively and dealt with the framework of GI and also various aspects of it. This paper has been reviewed from the readings, quotes and observation from the IPR authors, journal and articles. Research Problem According to the GI, the Banarsi sarees having quality and reputation in the market and despite of it, Surat manufactures and china-manufacturing companies are supplying and making such sarees and selling such sarees in the market at very less price and also affecting the quality of the product which is causing confusion to the society. Research Question

1. How to determine such activities, which are being followed by such manufacturing,

companies who is affecting the reputation and quality of the GI?

2. How to control such activities of the manufacturing companies?

History of Geographical Indication Before TRIPS agreement, there were 3 conventions, which were protecting geographical

indication i.e. the Paris Convention for the protection of Industrial Property (1883), Lisbon Agreement for the protection of Appellations of origin and their International Registration (1958) and Madrid Convention (1891). Lisbon Agreement talks about the protection of ‘Appellations of Origin’ and on the other hand, Madrid Agreement and Paris Convention talk about the ‘Indication of Source’. However, there has been the problem of hierarchy in the levels of protection and also categorization of goods under the TRIPS Agreement. Due to the EU, Geographical Indication has been included in the TRIPS Agreement as they were remarkable in the negotiating the terms and conditions. TRIPS Agreement protects the wine and spirits also provides the protection to all other goods. Parties in GI The below are the given parties in the chart which are interested in geographical indication: Consumer

II

GI Users

II

Producer/Manufacturer

II

2.2.1 Consumer: - every consumer has right to know about the product which they are going

to buy. Whenever any product gets the GI tag then it shows the quality of the product and assures the purchaser that are not being fooled.

2.2.2 GI User: - The main focus of the GI user to market or let access of the product globally

or internationally.

2.2.3 Producers and Manufactures: - The main focus of the producers of the goods are to

obtain the name which has generic nature so they can avoid the confusion, that can leads to high demand of the product.

2.2.4 Government: - Their main focus is to protection of the society from the fake product,

which leads to fraud, it protects the society welfare and also promotes the economic interest of

the producers. Geographical Indication in India In India, first Geographical Indication was registered in 2004 with respect to Darjeeling Tea, more than 270 products are registered as GI. The main objective of an act with respect to geographical indication:

1. Protect consumers from deception

2. Promote goods having GI

3. Protect the interest of producers of GI goods

The below given figure describe that the GI protects producers and consumers from the infringement and also promote the goods which have been registered under the geographical indication. protect promote

2003. Section 2(e) of Geographical Indication of Goods Act, 1999 defines GI1. Apart from the

definition of GI, it provides:

1. Definition and interpretation of various important terms like goods, package, producers,

authorized user etc.

2. Provision for establishment

3. Provision of registration of GI

4. Registration of GI fro specific goods

5. Prohibition of registration

6. Provision for introducing rules by central government for filling application

7. Compulsory advertisement

8. Provision for renewal

9. Higher level of protection to the goods

10. Prohibition of assignment of GI

11. Appeal

12. Offense and penalties

13. Power of registrar etc.

In Chennai, Central Government has established ‘Geographical Indication Registry’ for all jurisdictions in 2002, where GI’s can be registered. The responsible person of administration of GI is the controller general of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks is the Registrar of GI’s. 1 "Geographical indication", in relation to goods, means an indication which identifies such goods as agricultural goods, natural goods or manufactured goods as originating, or manufactured in the territory of a country, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of such goods is essentially attributable to its geographical origin and in case where such goods are manufactured goods one of the activities of either the production or of processing or preparation of the goods concerned takes place in such territory, region or locality, as the case may be.

GOODS:

Agricultural Natural Manufactured - Territory - Region - Loyalty

3.2.1 Registration: - Though geographical indication registration is not compulsory, section 20

(1) of the GI Act, 1999 says that no person shall be entitled to start any proceeding to prevent, recover the damages for, infringement of an unregistered GI2. The registration provides the relief to the registered owner of GI from the infringement. Section 3 (1) states about the registry of geographical indication3. Also section 6(1) discuss about the maintenance of the register for

GI.4

3.2.2 Duration: - Initially, GI can be registered for the length of 10 years; it can be renewed

from time to time for the additional 10 years. GI tag in handloom sector: why is it important? Registration of GI Tags in the Handloom sector was established to protect the identity and authenticity of a product and to help enable the original manufacturers and artisans to produce the same quality of items for their economic benefits. Of the 332 GI Tags, roughly 65 are Handloom items in India. Handloom goods are given the GI Tag protection with the particular

2 2 20. No Action for Infringement of Unregistered Geographical Indication

(I) No person shall be entitled to institute any proceeding to prevent, or to recover damages for, the infringement of an unregistered geographical indication.

3 Registrar of Geographical Indications

(1) The Controller-General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks appointed under sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999, shall be the Registrar of Geographical Indications.

4 Register of Geographical Indications

(1) For the purposes of this Act, a record called the Register of geographical indications shall be kept at the head office of the Geographical Indications Registry, wherein shall be entered all registered geographical indications with the names, addresses and descriptions of the proprietors, the names, addresses and descriptions of authorized users and such other matters relating to registered geographical indications as may be prescribed and such registers may be maintained wholly or partly on computer.

purpose to stop any "free riding" on the reputation of the deemed GI product. Apart from the legal protection which comes with the GI Tag, the certificate of being a GI product brings with it the promise of quality and distinctiveness, for which the buyers are willing to pay the premium costs linked to these products. GI tagging therefore helps the manufacturers to distinguish between their market items and the mass-produced copycat product and helps to convey the variations between the powerlooms products which profit from large volume, low quality and mass marketing. One of the several factors driving urgent need for the Banaras Brocade and Sarees to be awarded the GI Tag was this. 5. Banaras brocades and sarees: why was it of importance to provide UP’s ancient and famous silk-weave the GI tag? Banaras brocade has been around since the Mughal era.

Brocades with lovely designs mostly employing gold and silver threads were recognized to be a specialty of Banaras during this time. About 85% of the total number of weavers come from the city of Banaras and its surrounding area, which is regarded as the primary centre of brocade weaving. Most of the original weavers that create the Banarasi sarees have all inherited the talent and knowledge from their family, who have been weaving for decades. With its complex designs and great use of gold or silver thread, the Banarasi Saree is a work of art and nearly synonymous with weddings in India as most brides choose to wear the beautiful Saree to make a statement during her wedding. Creating one of these statement items, however, calls for knowledge, skill, and great patience.

Making one of these Sarees will likely need patience and skill because a weaver can work on it anywhere from three to four weeks to over six months. If the designs are complex, unusual, and detailed, it could occasionally be longer. 6. But the original weavers and their self-funded handlooms were suffering much as circumstances changed, demand and volume grew, and power-looms started to dominate. The 5 List of Geographical Indications [GI Tags] in India https://byjus. com/free-ias-prep/geographical-indicationtags-inindia/#List-of-GI-Tags-2019-2020

6 Helen Regan and Omar Khan, CNN (2019) “FINE SILK OVER FAST FASHION: THE LAST HAND-

WEAVERS OF INDIA’S HOLIEST CITY” CNN Style, Fashion https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/silk-weaversvaranasibanarasi-sari-intl-hnk/index.html

original makers felt a pressing necessity to categorize the Banaras Brocade and Sarees for mostly the following causes: 1. The Advent of power-looms: Churning out in mass, the power-looms produced similarlooking replica goods of the real handloom Banarasi Sarees and were making it available to the public. Unlike the genuine workmanship of the original manufacturers, these are manufactured with digital designs. This not only resulted in significant losses for the original makers of the genuine Sarees but also for buyers who, unaware of the distinction between the mass-produced power-loom items and the genuine handloom ones, paid exorbitant rates for these counterfeit Sarees. The issue was discovered nearer to home. Power-looms in Banaras also rose in the 1980s and 1990s. These power-looms are used by them to give the Saree a "Banarasi look".

Even if the power-loom is quite ancient, labor productivity is around ten times more than the handlooms. Taking into account the aspect of wages, the hourly pay of both handloom and power-loom weavers is roughly comparable; nevertheless, the power-loom produced Sarees are being marketed as handloom ones at far higher costs, hence boosting the income for powerloom weavers and merchants. This grossly violates the Handloom Reservation Act, 1985, which predates the GI Legislation limiting and controlling the mechanical production of a particular type of fabric especially earmarked for handlooms. Powerloom manufacturers in Banaras and other locations were able to make unrestrained use of the reputation of the Sarees in lack of any rigorous enforcement of the law.. 2.

Cheap material imports: The power-looms were not only producing fake goods; the raw materials they were using to create their items were also much poorer than those the original weavers utilized. Kela sarees or Banana sarees were being marketed under the name of Banarasi Sarees. Using threads created from the banana tree resin, these sarees were manufactured and polished to provide the shine of a gold or silver thread. Moreover, Cheap Chinese silk was being utilized in place of the authentic Katan silk and these low quality sarees have been flooding the markets for the buyers to choose from. 3. Mark of distinction: The Banarasi Sarees being produced in UP lacked any particular or unique mark setting them apart from those in other parts of the country. Spread over the nation, cottage and handloom businesses are producing a plethora of same-looking

Sarees. This was immediately influencing the Banarasi weavers' market. 7. The time called for assisting the weavers in preserving the authenticity of a product which was not only a pride of the nation, but also worldwide renowned for its unique pattern and exceptional quality. A committee was created by the weavers who contacted the state government for assistance; 9 of the organisations listed below submitted the GI Application for "Banaras Brocades and Sarees. ": • The Application for Registration was headed by the Banaras Bunkar Samiti, • Human Welfare Association, • Joint Director Industries, • Director of Handloom and Textiles, UP, • Eastern UP Exporters Association, • Banarsi Vastra Udhyog Sangh, • Banaras Hath Kargha Vikas Samiti, • Adarsh Silk Bunker Sahkari Samiti, and • Handloom Fabrics Marketing Cooperative Federation.

Granted on 04th September 2009, the GI tag was registered under Application No. 99 in classes 23, 24, 25 & 26 for "Banaras Brocade and Sarees. " The geographical area where the GI was granted does not only limit itself to the city of Benaras in the areas of Lohta, Bazardiha, Sarai Mohana, Lallapura, Saraiya, Bagwanala and Badi Bazar, but rather comprises of an area much larger including the five districts of Uttar Pradesh namely, Varanasi (Benaras), Chandaulim Bhadohi, Mirzapur and Azamgarh.

7 Servjaeta Verma and Nandita Mishra. (2018) “RECOGNITION AND MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES OF A

“GI” TAG IN HANDLOOM PRODUCT: A STUDY OF BANARAS BROCADES AND SAREES” Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, Vol 23, March-May 2018, pp 101 – 110 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/45333/1/ JIPR%2023(2-3)%20101-110.pdf

A logo specific to the Banaras Brocade and Sarees was registered along with the GI Tag, which

the buyers should seek for when deciding to buy an actual Banarasi Saree. 8. Impact of the GI tag on the business of Banaras brocades and sarees The GI Tag registration in 2009 was a project that began in 2006 and was filed by the Banaras Bunkar Samiti with 7 other groups in July of 2007. Working members of international organizations like United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), who had labored for the economic and trade advantages for the weavers of Banaras, not only in India but also elsewhere, believed that the GI Tag for Banarasi Brocade and Sarees would prove to be a useful tool to create jobs to near 17 lakh weavers in UP itself. One of the international bodies that helped the GI Registration process was UNCTAD.

The other international bodies supporting Banarasi Brocade and Sarees getting the GI Tag were Find Your Feet and Department for International Development. 9. The GI Tag in Banaras Brocades and Sarees has not only been of help to the weavers to economically benefit from the recognition of the product, which in turn will increase their incomes, but would also ensure that the authentic quality of the products does not get diluted in the powerlooms race to provide below-the-standard products to the average consumer. Sarees made in Bihar, Surat, and Bangalore were also being marketed in bulk to consumers before the GI Tag was given to the original producers in UP. The GI registration has made obvious difference as to what qualifies as genuine Banarasi Brocade and Sarees from any other look-alike.

Under the GI Protection, the standard of the original product, a clear rise in production and capacity to sell the genuine product from far areas of UP, was made possible.. The Ministry of Textiles, under direction of the Government of India, set up several projects investigating handloom weavers' welfare following the registration for the GI Tag. Started as one of the projects, Handloom Mark sought to build a "collective identity" to handloom items in India. Post registration, the Health Insurance Scheme For Handloom Weavers or the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (or the former Mahatma Gandhi Bunkar Bima Yojana) has

8 Shruti Gulati. (2016). “GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS IN INDIA & THE CASE OF FAMOUS INDIAN

WEAVE: BANARASI BROCADE.” International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah, 4(12), 137-146. 10.29121/ granthaalayah.v4.i12.2016.2402. http://granthaalayah.com/Articles/Vol4Iss12/17_IJRG16_C12_192.pdf

9 VIKALP SHARMA, (2019). “Geographical Indication in India and Banarasi Sarees case” Journal of

Intellectual Property Law & Practice May 2019 . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 332863542_Geographical_Indication_in_India_and_Banarasi_Sarees_case

been another extremely significant project reaching out to the weavers. It is accessible to male or female weavers, their spouse and two children. People between the age of one to eighty will be covered under this programme. This program was started to allow the weaver to access first-rate medical facilities in India financially. Certain internet sites have committed to make GI Protected Banarasi Brocades and Sarees readily available to the rest of the globe as e-commerce in India has developed. Holy weaves is one such internet store trying to offer that. While attempting to differentiate the customers from any phony weaves that can be found in the online marketplaces, they seek to promote the genuine handloom weaves on their platform. 10. Practical appropriation of the GI tag: success or failure?

Undoubtedly, one of the main benefactors of the GI Tag is always the original makers of the goods, the weavers, who may in a sense now assert sole ownership of the product. The GI Tag was given to the product not mostly for single ownership. It was so that sufficient economic rewards could be given to the weavers and that deterioration of the quality and standard of the Banaras Saree would not drive the weavers out of work. The reality on the ground, however, is not perfect. Relying only on the GI Tag has not shown success. The weavers have not yet seen or benefited financially from it. Though power-looms have increased 2-3 fold in number, weavers have had to turn to weaving on these power-looms; nonetheless, the weavers only earn 1/4th of the overall price charged for the weave as most of it is stolen by the wholesaler and the master weaver who provides them business.

Though the weaves are manufactured by the weavers and have remained in some weaving families for generations, the weavers are not able to make notable profit. The weaver community has not been greatly affected by the government's e-retail project launched in 2014. Some of the weavers lack knowledge of the procedure and so feel uneasy continuing their web company. The weavers have had no induction, no awareness campaigns to help them negotiate this procedure. Middlemen, who then consume a portion of their

10 Bureau Report “Banarasi saree gets GI tag, joins club of protected goods”

https://zeenews.india.com/home/banarasisaree-gets-gi-tag-joins-club-of-protected-goods_564353.html

revenues, force them to rely on them. Now being mass-produced considerably closer to home than China, phony "Banarasi" products continue to be a problem despite the GI Tag. Surat makes in bulk low-quality Sarees claiming to be Banarasi Sarees and Brocades at a fraction of the amount weavers from UP sell it at. Weavers are ignorant of the application of an Authentication mark, which sets their product apart from a counterfeit. This prevents big stores and other business owners wanting to sell GI Tagged Banarasi Brocades and Sarees from selecting that saree, even if the weaver asserts it to be an original. The authorities have clearly lacked awareness to inform the weaving community of approximately 3 lakh weavers about the significance of the GI mark for the product. 11.

Banaras brocades and sarees: in the news When weavers in Bangladesh began manufacturing and extensively distributing Banarasi Sarees on the worldwide market, Bangladesh severely breached international Intellectual Property Law standards in 2018. The Human Welfare Association, the NGO that led the GI campaign in India, believed that the manufacture of Banarasi Sarees in Bangladesh would signify a drop in demand for the genuine GI Tagged Sarees in the worldwide market produced by the actual Banaras weavers. 12. Conclusion: has the GI tag actually helped Banaras brocades and sarees? Largely covered by buyers, Banarasi Sarees and Brocades are a highly well-liked handloom product. Having been a part of Indian culture for a very long time, it is the first choice for the wedding season.

Clearly, mass-production of these Sarees utilizing low quality fabrics and a rampant rise of fakes in the market was undermining the demand of genuine Benarasi Sarees. Therefore, the weaving community, along with other non-profit groups and other weaving organizations, worked to guarantee the quality of the product stayed genuine and that buyers were not being deceived in the name of the actual product. Though it was seen widely that

11 VIKALP SHARMA, (2019). “Geographical Indication in India and Banarasi Sarees case” Journal of

Intellectual Property law & Practice May 2019 . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/_Geographical_Indication_in_India_and_Banarasi_Sarees_case

12 Operations Holyweaves, WHAT EXACTLY IS A BROCADE WEAVE? (2018)

https://www.holyweaves.com/blogs/ the-textiles-blog/47964995-what-exactly-is-a-brocade-weave

neither the Banarasi Brocades and Saree nor the weavers had gained anything from it, it has been over eleven years since the Banarasi Brocade and Saree was given the GI Tag. Though created at roughly one-fourth the cost of the genuine product, the motifs and designs are nevertheless replicated and marketed widely using inexpensive, knock-off silk materials at far higher rates even with the GI protection. Therefore, it becomes obvious that the current law is inadequate to produce the intended impact believed when the GI for Benarasi Brocades and Sarees was filed.

Besides the GI Tag being awarded to the item, there is no representative organization that would serve two purposes: first, to safeguard the people's interests and settle their disputes; second, to represent the weavers, who are the industry's poorest, in circumstances where they would require simple legal assistance The emergence of power-looms was another factor contributing to the GI Tag's popularity; recently, however, the Weavers themselves have started employing Power-looms to save labor, hasten product completion, and increase unit sales. Still, this is not qualify under GI protection and is not considered GI authentic items. The GI framework can be expanded to cover powerloom items made in Benaras itself so after inspecting the number of power-looms owned by weavers and whether that will economically benefit the weaver and preserve the authenticity intact.

A separate mark for Handloom created weaves might be in place to stop the freeriding of power-loom made weaves and the inclusion of Power-loom made Sarees from the authorized areas of UP could compromise the otherwise power-loom manufactured weaves from all over. Considering the aforementioned factors, there should be thorough regulatory adjustments carried out to assist the GI Tag to provide customer access to the Benarasi Saree and Brocades more easily in India as well as the World. This would control the markets to sort out any fakes and low quality products which could compromise the authenticity of the product and these low-quality products would, in-turn, be deceiving the customers. Moreover, there should be skill-development courses and seminars run to educate the weavers on how to sharpen their craft so as to prevent this segment of Indian heritage from fading.

Banarasi sarees and brocades are highly essential components of our Indian cultural legacy, hence there should be enough measures to support and assist the weavers who are the cause of these items' ongoing existence.

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Tagged Handloom Textile Products https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/ pib-list-of-certain-g-i-tagged-handloom-textileproducts/ 4. Helen Regan and Omar Khan, CNN (2019) “FINE SILK OVER FAST FASHION: THE LAST HAND-WEAVERS OF INDIA’S HOLIEST CITY” CNN Style, Fashion https:// edition.cnn.com/style/article/silk-weavers-varanasi-banarasi-sari-intl-hnk/index.html 5. Servjaeta Verma and Nandita Mishra. (2018) “RECOGNITION AND MARKETING

OPPORTUNITIES OF A “GI” TAG IN HANDLOOM PRODUCT: A STUDY OF

BANARAS BROCADES AND SAREES” Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, Vol 23, March-May 2018, pp – http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/45333/1/

JIPR%2023(2-3)%20101-

110.pdf 6. Amit Basole (2014) Authenticity, Innovation and the Geographical Indication in an Artisanal Industry: The Case of the Banarasi Saree http://repec.umb.edu/RePEc/files/2014_09.pdf 7. Shruti Gulati. (2016). “GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS IN INDIA & THE CASE OF FAMOUS INDIAN WEAVE: BANARASI BROCADE.” International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah, 4(12), 137-146. 10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i12.2016.2402. http:// granthaalayah.com/Articles/Vol4Iss12/17_IJRG16_C12_192.pdf 8. VIKALP SHARMA, (2019). “Geographical Indication in India and Banarasi Sarees case” Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice May 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/

publication/332863542_Geographical_Indication_in_India_and_Banarasi_Sarees_cas e 9. Krishna Dwivedi and Souvik Bhattacharya (2012) ‘RESTORE GLORY OF THE BANARASI SARI’ https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/Restore-glory-oftheBanarasi-sari/article20543149.ece

10. Bureau Report “Banarasi saree gets GI tag, joins club of protected goods” https://

zeenews.india.com/home/banarasi-saree-gets-gi-tag-joins-club-ofprotectedgoods_564353.html

11. VIKALP SHARMA, (2019). “Geographical Indication in India and Banarasi Sarees

case” Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice May 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/332863542_Geographical_Indication_in_India_and_Banarasi_Sarees_cas e

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of the handloom mark https://www.india.gov.in/official-websitehandloommark#:~:text=Handloom%20mark%20provides%20a%20collective,applicat ion%20for%20h andloom%20mark%20scheme

13. HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMES FOR HANDLOOM WEAVERS https://

transformingindia.mygov.in/scheme/health-insurance-schemes-for-handloomweavers/ #:~:text=Introduction%20Check%20Eligibility- ,INTRODUCTION,healthcare%20facilities %20in%20the%20country

14. Operations Holyweaves, WHAT EXACTLY IS A BROCADE WEAVE? (2018) https://

www.holyweaves.com/blogs/the-textiles-blog/47964995-what-exactly-is-a-brocadeweave

15. Swati Chandra, Governance Now (2016) WHITHERING THREADS: WHY THE

WEAVER COMMUNITY OF FAMOUS BANARASI SILK SAREE IS UNHAPPY

https:// www.governancenow.com/news/regular-story/ering-threads-why-the-banarasisilk-weaverunhappy

16. Nishant Shekhar, The Indian Express (2018) BANGLADESH MANUFACTURING

BANARASI SAREE IN GROSS VIOLATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION

LAW,

https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bangladesh-manufacturing-banarasisaree-in-grossviolation-of-geographical-indication-law/

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Times of India, (2014) http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Narendra-Modisdilemma-Suratvs-Banarasi-saris/articleshow/32742485.cms 18.