BALASUBRAMANIAN AND ORS. v. RAMAIAH THONDAMAN

Citation: [2007] 13 S.C.R. 756

Court: Supreme Court of India

Bench: ARIJIT PASAYAT, P. SATHASIVAM

Case summary

BALASUBRAMANIAN AND ORS. v. RAMAIAH THONDAMAN.pdf

Judgment text

, BALASUBRAMANIAN AND ORS. v. RAMAIAH THONDAMAN DECEMBER 14, 2007 [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND P. SATHASIVAM, JJ. ] ·>( Land laws: Claim for title over property on ground ofpurchase from patta holders-Held: Not tenable as patta holders themselves conceded before settlement officer that patta was wrongly granted to them- Revenue records show that suit property was throughout enjoyed by defendant and her husband by paying kisht-Even otherwise, grant ofpatta cannot be equated with document oftitle. .. The plaintiff-respondent filed suit for declaration ofhis title and 'f for injunction restraining defendant from interfering with his possession and in alternate for possession ofthe suit property. The plaintiffclaimed that he had purchased the suit property from one 'R' and his daughter 'N', who were pattaholders.

The case of defendant was that the settlement patta was wrongly issued for the suit lands to 'R' and 'N' and the sale in favour of plaintiff was by fraud as the village karnam was brother of plaintiffwho assisted his brother in bringing the sale deed and when the defendant's husband came to know about the wrong issuance ofpatta for suit property, ' he filed application before the settlement authorities for transfer of patta in his favour. 'R' appeared before the Assistant Settlement Officer and conceded that he and his daughter 'N' had no title or possession ofthe suit property and the patta for the suit property was wrongly granted to them and consented for the transfer of registry for the suit property. ~ Trial Court decreed the suit. First appellate Court set aside the decree. On appeal, High Court restored the order of trial Court. Hence the present appeal. BALASUBRAMANIAN v. RAMAIAHTHONDAMAN 757 Allowing the appeal, the Court HELD: 1. 1. The plaintiff has pressed into service Ex.

A-1 sale deed to the effect that he purchased the suit property from 'R' and 'N'. As the defendant denied the title of the plaintiff to the suit property, it was the bounden duty ofthe plaintiffto prove his case by placing acceptable evidence. Admittedly, the plaintiff has not examined his vendors to show how they got title to the property sold under Ex. A-1. On the other hand, the defendant by placing notice Ex. B-19 issued by vendors ofthe plaintiffs contended that the suit property was in possession ofthe defendant and not with the vendors of the plaintiff. The lower Appellate Court on perusal of Ex. B-9 came to the conclusion that the suit property was enjoyed by the defendant and her husband throughout by paying kisht for the same. The evidence further show that the said 'R' and his daughter never executed any sale deed in favour ofthe plaintiffand the same was obtained on account of old age of 'R'.

It was also highlighted that "-• y 'N' was also not well versed with the transactions ofthis nature. In the proceedings for a grant ofRyotwari patta, the Settlement Officer had issued a notification calling for objections from the villagers. In the said proceedings, SettlementOfficer conducted suo motu enquiry in respect of 370 cases by verifying the revenue records and prepared Form 5 statement which refers the name ofthe defendant's husband. This factual information strengthen the case of the defendant that her husband got title to the suit property. A petition was filed before the Assistant Settlement Officer for rectification ofthe mistake in grant ofpatta in favour ofthe plaintifrs vendors. Only in this context, 'R' appeared in person and informed the officer that he has no objection to' change the patta in respect of the suit property in favour ofthe defendant's husband. Even otherwise, the grant of patta cannot be equated to that of a document of title.

At the most the patta proceedings and the ultimate order by the competent authority granting patta may be used as a piece of evidence to show that the subject-matter property is with the grantee. Considering all these material aspects particularly the action ofthe plaintiffs vendors in informing the Assistant Settlement Officer about the wrong decision in granting patta in their favour and -; considering the oral and documentary evidence with regard to the same, the lower Appellate Court rightly concluded that the Assistant Settlement Officer has passed an erroneous order which could not confer any right or title to the plaintiff's vendors. [Paras 7and 8] [760-E-H; 761-B-C; F-H; 762-k,"C) 1. 2. The stand of the defendant that since at the relevant time plaintiff's brotherwas a village karnam, the plaintiffgot the sale deed by utilizing his brother's service as well as taking advantage ofold age of plaintiff cannot be ruled out.

All these factual aspects were duly considered by the lower Appellate Court. The High Court committed error in setting aside the judgment merely on the basis of Ryotwari patta when the same was proved to be obtained by mistake by the authority concerned. In fact, the High Court did not consider Ex. B-19 notice sent by the vendors to plaintiffwherein they admitted in categorical terms that patta was wrongly granted to them. [Para 9] [762-D-F] ' . CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 452 of ' 2002. From the Final Judgment and Order dated 22. 3. 2001 ofthe High Court of Judicature at Madras in S. A. No. 45 of 1985. B. Sreedhar, I. Madhavi and K. Ram Kumar for the Appellants. The Judgment ofthe Court was delivered by P. SATHASIVAM, J. 1. The Legal Representatives of the t deceased defendant being aggrieved by the judgment and order dated 22. 03. 2001 passed by the High Court ofJudicature at Madras in Second Appeal No.

45 of 1985 allowing the same filed by the respondent-herein have preferred the above appeal. 2. Brieffacts ofthe case are as follows: The respondent herein/plaintiff filed a suit for declaration ofhis title and ·'< , for injunction restraining the defendant from interfering with his possession and enjoyment ofthe suit property or in the alternative for possession of the suit property. According to the plaintiff, the suit property belonged absolutely to Ramasamy Konar and his daughter Nachammai. The patta BALASUBRAMANIAN v. RAMAIAH THONDAMAN 759 was in their names and they were in enjoyment ofthe same. The plaintiff purchased the suit property from the said Ramasami Konar and his daughter for Rs. 12,300/- on 11. 09. 1978. From the date ofpurchase, the plaintiffwas in possession. The defendant's husband purchased some of the property from the said Ramasami Konar.

Since the defendant with· their followers caused disturbance to the plaintiffin the matter ofenjoyment ofthe suit property, the plaintifffiled the suit. 3. The case ofthe defendant as stated in the written statement was that the settlement patta had been wrongly issued for the suit lands to Ramasami Konar and Nachammai without proper enquiry. The grant of patta in favour ofthem cannot confer any title to the suit property as the same is not a document oftitle. The plaintiffis debarred in claiming title to the suit property by virtue ofthe patta in favour his vendors. The sale in favour ofthe plaintiffwas brought about by fraud, misrepresentation and by undue influence. In any event, Ramasami Konar and his daughter had no right and title to the suit property.

When the defendant's husband Chelliah Pillai came to know about the wrong issuance ofpatta for the suit property in favour ofRamasami Konar and his daughter, he filed an application before the settlement authorities for transfer ofpatta for the property in his favour. The said Ramasami Konar appeared before the Assistant Settlement Officer and conceded that he and his daughter Nachammai had no title or possession ofthe suit property and the patta for the suit property was wrongly granted to him. He consented for the transfer of registry for the suit property. The defendant and her predecessors in title have and had been in possession ofthe suit properties for more than the statutory period adversely openly and uninterruptedly. The defendant and their children have acquired title to the suit properties by adverse possession. The village kamam is the brother ofthe plaintiff. Hence with the assistance ofhis brother, the plaintiffhad brought the sale deed and filed the suit.

He denied the claim ofthe plaintiffwith regard to possession. "'· 4. The trial Court decreed the suit on 15. 10. 1982. Aggrieved by the same, the defendant filed appeal in A. S. No. 146 of 1982 before the lower Appellate Court. By judgment dated 05. 08. 1983 on consideration ofthe oral and documentary evidence, the Appellate Court allowed the ~ appeal and set aside the judgment and decree of the trial Court and dismissed the suit. Questioning the same, the plaintifffiled a Second Appeal No. 45 of 1985 before the High Court. The High Court accepted the case ofthe plaintiff, set aside the judgment ofthe lower Appellate Court and allowed the second appeal. In the meanwhile, the defendant passed away and his LRs filed the above civil appeal before this Court. The only respondent though duly served notice from this Court has not chosen to contest the appeal. 5. We heard Mr. B.

Sreedhar, learned counsel appearing for the appellants and perused the relevant materials and annexures filed along with this appeal. 6. The points for consideration in this appeal are:- (a) Whether the High Court was justified in upsetting the factual findings arrived at by the lower Appellate Court? (b) Whether the plaintiff has established his case for grant of decree as claimed? 7. In support ofhis case, the plaintiffhas pressed into service Ex. A-1 sale deed dated 11. 09. 1978 to the effect that he purchased the suit property from Ramasami Konar and Nachammai. On the other hand, it is the case ofthe defendant that her husband alone was in possession of the suit property for a long time and plaintiffs vendors have no title to the suit property at any point oftime. The plaintiffapart from examining himselfas PW 1also examined One Velusami as PW 2 who is an attestor ' .. ofEx. A-1 Sale deed. Apart from these two persons, one Veerappa Pillai has been examined as PW 3.

As rightly observed by the lower Appellate Court inasmuch as the defendant denied the title ofthe plaintiffto the suit property it is the boUPden duty ofthe plaintiffto prove his case by placing acceptable evidence. Admittedly, the plaintiffhas not examined his vendors to show how they got title to the property sold under Ex. A-1. On the other hand, the defendant by placing notice Ex. B-19 issued by vendors 1 ' ofthe plaintiffs i. e. Ramasami Konar and Nachammai contended that the suit property was in possession ofthe defendant and not with the vendors ofthe plaintiff. The lower Appellate Court on perusal ofEx. B-9 came to the conclusion that the suit property was enjoyed by the defendant and BALASUBRAMANIANv. RAMAIAH THONDAMAN 761 her husband through out by paying kisht to the same. It was also highlighted before the courts below that patta was wrongly given to Ramasami Konar/ Nachammai/vendors ofthe plaintiff.

This material aspect was stated before the Assistant Settlement Officer and in fact they informed the said officer that they had no objection for change of patta in the name of the defendant's husband. In fact in Ex. B-9 the defendant has admitted that he was not aware ofthe grant ofpatta by the Settlement Officer. The evidence further show that the said Ramasami Konar and his daughter never executed any sale deed in favour ofthe plaintiffand the same was obtained on account ofold age ofRamasami Konar. It was also highlighted that the said Nachammai was also not well versed with the transactions ofthis nature. It is not clear when the vendors ofthe plaintiffmentioned several material aspects in Ex. B-19, the plaintiffhad not taken any action and not even denied the same by sending reply. In those circumstances, based on the relevant and acceptable materials, the lower Appellate Court arrived at a conclusion that the sale deed Ex. A-1 was obtained by fraud, .......

·undue influence and mis-representation. f 8. In the earlier paragraphs, we have already stated that the plaintiffs vendors were not in possession oftitle deed to the suit property except adangal extracts and patta in the name ofRamasami Konar. No doubt he also filed proceedings ofthe Assistant Settlement Officer dated 24. 02. 1969 as Ex. A-7 which shows that rough pattahad been issued in favour ofRamasarni Konar and Nachammai. In this aspect, it is relevant to refer to the factual discussion by the lower Appellate Court. In the proceedings for a grant ofRyotwari patta, the Settlement Officer had issued a notification calling for objections from the villagers. As rightly pointed out by learned counsel for the appellants, the name of the defendant's husband found in Form 5.

It is brought to our notice that in the said proceedings, Settlement Officer conducted suo motu enquiry in respect of370 cases by verifying the revenue records and prepared Form 5 statement which refers the name ofthe defendant's husband. This factual information strengthen the case ofthe defendant that her husband got title to the suit property. Based on the various material/information a petition was filed (Ex. B-3) on 29. 04. 1969 before the Assistant Settlement Officer for rectification ofthe mistake in grant ofpatta in favour ofthe plaintiffs vendors. Only in this context, Ramasami Konar appeared in person and infonned the officer that he has no objection to change the patta in respect ofthe suit property in favour ofthe defendant's husband. Even otherwise, the grant ofpatta cannot be equated to that ofa document oftitle.

At the most the patta proceedings and the ultimate order by the competent authority granting patta may be used as a piece ofevidence to show that the subject-matter property is with the grantee. Considering all these material aspects particularly the action ofthe plaintiffs vendors in informing the Assistant Settlement Officer about the wrong decision in granting patta in their favour and considering the oral and documentary evidence with regard to the same, the lower Appellate Court rightly concluded that the Assistant Settlement Officer has passed an erroneous order which could not confer any right or title to the plaintiffs vendors i. e. said Ramasami Konar and Nacharnmai. 9. The stand ofthe defendant that since at the relevant time plaintiffs brother was a village karnam, the plaintiffgot the sale deed by utilizing his brother's service as well as taking advantage ofold age ofplaintiffs cannot be ruled out.

All these factual aspects were duly considered by the lower Appellate Court which is a final Court ofappeal. While such is the position, the High Court placing heavy reliance on Ryotwari patta alone interfered with the well-considered judgment ofthe lower Appellate Court. We are satisfied that all the details as adverted to by the lower Appellate Court have not been considered by the High Court and committed an error in setting aside the judgment merely on the basis ofRyotwari patta when the same was proved to be obtained by mistake by the authority concerned. In fact, the High Court did not consider Ex. B-19 notice sent by the vendors to plaintiffwherein they admitted in categorical terms that patta was wrongly granted to them. In such circumstances, the High Court could not have allowed the second appeal based only on patta proceedings which were found to be wrongly obtained. 10. In the light ofthe above conclusion, we set aside the judgment and decree ofthe High Court dated 22. 03.

2001 made in Second Appeal No. 45 of 1985 and confirm the judgment and decree of the lower Appellate Court dated 05. 08. 1983 passed in Appeal Suit No. 146 of 1982. The civil appeal is allowed. No costs. D. G. Appeal allowed.