HASTHIMAL AND SONS AND ORS. v. P. TEJ RAJ SHARMA

Citation: [2007] 10 S.C.R. 537

Court: Supreme Court of India

Bench: A.K. MATHUR, MARKANDEY KATJU

Case summary

HASTHIMAL AND SONS AND ORS. v. P. TEJ RAJ SHARMA.pdf

Judgment text

HASTHIMAL AND SONS AND ORS. ~ v. P. TEJ RAJ SHARMA OCTOBER 04, 2007 [A. K. MATHUR AND MARKANDEY KATJU, JJ. ) Transfer ofProperty Act, 1882: Mortgage ofsuitproperty with tenant-Mortgage deedproviding that on redemption ofmortgage, mortgagee would become tenant of the mortgagor automatically as he was, prior to mortgage-Claimfor possession by vendee ofthe mortgagedproperty on expiryofmortgage period-Held: Not maintainable as mortgagee is reverted as tenant- Vendee to approach appropriate forum for eviction oftenant. Pre-emption-Mortgage ofproperty-Another agreement whereby mortgagor undertaking to give first option to purchase, to mortgagee-Held: It operates as clog on right ofredemption ofvendee from the mortgagor. The suit property was mortgaged under a regist~red mortgage deed dated 19. 3. 1980 to the lessee-mortgagee. The mortgage deed specifically mentioned that on redemption of the mortgage, the ,,;...

, mortgageewould become the lessee ofthe mortgagor automatically as he was prior to the mortgage. After the mortgagedeed, a partial release deed was signed between the parties on 21. 9. 1981 bywhich mortgagor had undertaken to give the first option to purchase, to the mortgagee. On demand ofredemption, mortgagee refused and the purchaser of the property filed the suit for redemption of mortgage and for possession ofthe mortgaged property. During pendency ofthe suit, the purchaserfiled application under 0. 12 r. 6 CPC for decree on the basis ofadmission by the mortgagee \~ A that mortgage was for 20 years which had expired in 2000. Trial Court rejected the application, however High Court allowed the same and decreed the suit under 0. 12, r. 6 CPC. In appeal to this Court, two points were iuvolved (1) Whether the B. plaintiff had a right to get possession on redemption ofhis mortgage and (2) whether the provision in the agreem'ent dated 21. 9.

1981 that the mortgagee will have a right of pre-emption operates as a clog on the right ofredemption oftlie mortgagor. Allowing the appeal, the Court HELD: 1. Where oneofthe terms arranged betweenthe mortgagor and the mortgagee was that the mortgagee should have a right ofpreemption in casethe mortgagorwishes to transfer the property to a third party, such a condition operates as a clogon the right ofredemption of the vendee from the mortgagor. Thus second pointis decided in. favour ofrespondentwho is vendee. [Para 7] (540-F, G] A. Lewis v. Frank Love Ltd, [1961] All E. R. 446, referred to. 2. Even before the mortgage deed was executed on 19. 3. 1980,the mortgagee was in actual physical possession as a tenant, and this possession continued with him as a mortgagee. Hence, when the mortgage was redeemed, it did not follow that the erstwhile mortgagee could be straightway evicted.

When the mortgage comes to an end, the appellant reverted as a tenant, particularly since there was a specific· . A term in the mortgage deed that on redemption of the mortgage the mortgagee will be a lessee as previous to the mortgage. This was a term agreed upon between the parties and the respondent cannot resile from this term. [Paras 9and10] [541-A, B, C] Gopalan Krishnakutty v. Kunjamma Pillai Sarojini Amma, (1996] 3 SCC 424; CheriyanSosamma andOrs. v. SundaressanPillaiSaraswathy r Amma andOrs. [1999] 3 SCC 25 and Narayan Vishnu Hendre and Ors. v. Baburao Savalaram Kothawal, [1995] 6 SCC 6Q8, relied on. Shah Mathuradas Mangan/al and Co. v. Nagappa Shankarappa Ma/age andOrs. , (1976] 3 SCC 660, distinguished. 3.

The mere fact that the owner creates a mortgage, in favour of the lessee is not by itself decisive to hold that the prior lease was surrendered and the possession of the earlier lessee is only that of a mortgageeoncreation ofthe mortgage,and itdepends upon the intention ofthe parties at the time ofthe execution ofthe mortgage. There was a specificterm in the mortgagedeed dated 19. 3. 1980thaton redemption of the mortgage, the mortgagee shall become the lessee of the mortgagor automatically as previous to the mortgagedeed. Hence, there was a clear intention between the parties that the tenancywill continue when the mortgage is redeemed. It would, however, be open to the respondent to file a suit or proceeding for eviction ofthe appellant-tenant which will bedecided on its own merits. (Paras 11, 13and14] (541-D, E, G, H; 542-A, BJ CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 3008 of D 2001. From the Judgment and final Order dated 12. 2.

2001 ofthe High Court ofKamataka at Bangalore in C. R. P. No. 2020 of2000. S. N. Bhat, N. P. S. Panwar and D. P. Chaturvedi for the Appellants. P. P. Rao, N. D. B. Raju, Bharathi Raju, Guntur Prabhakar, Abhishek Gupta, Anshuman Ashok and D. S. Chadha, for the Respondent. _.... _, The Judgment ofthe Court was delivered by MARKANDEY KATJU, J. 1. This appeal has been filed against the impugned judgment ofthe Karnataka High Court dated 12. 2. 2001 in C. R. P. No. 2020/2000. 2. Heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the record. _.. , 3. This appeal has arisen out ofa suit for redemption ofthe mortgage and for possession ofthe mortgaged property. The owner ofthe properties was one Jagadish, who mortgaged the property with the defendantrespondent under a registered mortgage deed dated 19. 3. 1980 with possession by creating an usufructuary mortgage. It appears that after the \ \-- \ \ mortgage deed, a partial release deed was signed between the parties on 21. 9.

1981 by which Jagadish had undertaken to give the first option to purchase to the mortgagee. On demand for redemption, the defendant refused and hence the suit was filed by the plaintiff, who had purchased the property from Jagadish. 4. It appears that before the aforesaid mortgage deed dated 19. 3. 1980 was registered, the mortgagee was already in possession of the property as a tenant ofthe mortgagor. In the mortgage deed it was ~specifically mentioned that on redemption ofthe mortgage the mortgagee should become the lessee ofthe mortgagor automatically as previous to the mortgage. 5. During the pendency ofthe suit, the plaintifffiled application under Order 12 Rule 6 CPC for a decree on the basis ofthe admission by the defendant that the mortgage was for 20 years which had expired on 20. 3. 2000. This application under Order 12 Rule 6 CPC was rejected by the trial c. ourt, but in revision the High Court set aside the order ofthe -'.

trial court and decreed the suit under Order 12 Rule 6 CPC. Hence, this appeal by special leave. 6. There are basically two points involved in this case - (1) Whether the plaintiffhad a right to get possession on redemption ofhis mortgage and (2) whether the provision in the agreement dated 21. 9. 1981 that the mortgagee will have a right ofpre-emption operates as a clog on the right ofredemption ofthe mortgagor. 7. Taking the second question first, learned counsel for the appellant has relied on a decision ofthe House ofLords in Lewis v. Frank Love, Ltd, [1961] All. E. R. 446. In this decision it was clearly laid down by the House of Lords that where one of the terms arranged between the mortgagor and the mortgagee was that the mortgagee should have a right ofpreemption in case the mortgagor wishes to transfer the property to a third party, such a condition operates as a clog on the right ofredemption ofthe vendee from the mortgagor. We fully agree with this view.

Hence, we decide this second point in favour ofthe respondent who is the vendee ofthe mortgagor. I 8. However, as regards the first point, we are ofthe opinion that the respondent did not have a right to possession automatically on a suit for redemption being decreed. 9. It may be noted that even before the mortgage deed was executed on 19. 3. 1980, the mortgagee was in actual physical possession as tenant, and this possession continued with him as a mortgagee. Hence, when the mortgage was redeemed, it did not follow that the erstwhile mortgagee could be straightway evicted. When the mortgage comes to an end, the appellant reverted as a tenant, particularly since there was specific term in the mortgage deed that on redemption ofthe mortgage the mortgagee will be a lessee as previous to the mortgage. 10. This was a term agreed upon between the parties and we cannot see how the respondent can resile from this term. 11. In Gopalan Krishnakutty v.

Kunjamma Pillai Sarojini Amma, [1996] 3 SCC 424, a three-Judge Bench ofthis Court held that the mere fact that the owner creates a mortgage in favour ofthe lessee is not by itself decisive to hold that the prior lease was surrendered and the possession ofthe earlier lessee is only that ofa mortgagee on creation of the mortgage, and it depends upon the intention ofthe parties at the time ofthe execution ofthe mortgage. This view was reiterated by this Court in Cheriyan Sosamma & Ors. v. Sundaressan Pillai Saraswathy Amma & Ors. , [1999] 3 SCC 251, Narayan Vishnu Hendre & Ors. v. ~. Baburao Savalaram Kothawal, [1995] 6 SCC 608. In these decisions also, it was held that there was no automatic merger ofthe interest of lessee with that ofa mortgagee, in the absence ofproof of surrender of the lease by the defendant. 12. Learned counsel for the respondent has relied upon the decision of this Court in Shah Mathuradas Mangan/al & Co. v. Nagappa Shankarappa Ma/age & Ors. , [1976] 3 SCC 660.

But in that case it was found as a fact that the mortgagee had surrendered his tenancy. Hence that decision is distinguishable. 13. In the present case, there was a specific term in the mortgage deed dated 19. 3. 1980 that on redemption ofthe mortgage, the mortgagee ·\ ' shall become the lessee ofthe mortgagor automatically as previous to the mortgage deed. Hence, there was a clear intention between the parties that the tenancy will continue when the mortgage is redeemed; Hence, on this point we cannot agree with the High Court. Accordingly, the impugned judgment is set aside on this point. The appeal is allowed. No costs. 14. It would, however, be open to the respondent to file a suit or proceeding for eviction ofthe appellant-tenant which will be decided on its own merits. D. G. Appeal allowed.