HEM CHAND v. THE DELHI CLOTH & GENERAL MILLS CO. LTD.
Citation: [1978] 1 S.C.R. 241; 1977 INSC 158
Court: Supreme Court of India
Bench: Y.V. CHANDRACHUD , P.S. KAILASAM
Judgment date:
Case summary
1977 INSC 158. Supreme Court of India judgment dated 1977-08-02. HEM CHAND v. THE DELHI CLOTH & GENERAL MILLS CO. LTD. Read the judgment and case details on...
Judgment text
HEM CHAND v. THE DELHI CLOTH & GENERAL MILLS CO. LTD. & ORS. August 2, 1977 [Y. V. CHANDRACHUD AND P. S. KAILASAM JJ. ] Drlhi Rent Control Act, 1958-ss. 14(1), 15(1) and 15(7)-Scope of. Section 14(1) of the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958 provides that no tenant could be evicted excep! on an application made to the Rent Controller for an order for recovery of ~ssession on one or more grounds specified in the section. Oause (a) to the proVISO provides that if the tenant has neither paid nor tendered the whole of the arrears of the rent legally recoverable from him within two months of the date on which a notice of demand for the arrears of rent has been served on him by the landlord in the manner prescribed, the landlord can apply for recovery of possession. Sub-section (2) provides that no order for recovery of possession of any premises shall be made on the ground specified in cl. (a) of the proviso if the tenant makes payment or deposit as required by s. 1'. Under s.
15(1) the Rent Controller shall make an order directing the tenant to pay arrears of rent with a direction that he should c. ontinue to pay or deposit the rent month by month by the fifteenth of each succeeding month. Sub-section (6) lays down that if a tenant makes payment or deposit as required by sub-s. (1) or sub-s. (3), no order shall be made for the recovery of possession on the ground of default in· the payment of rent by the tenant. Sub-section (7) provides that if the tenant fails to make payment or deposit as required by sub.. s. ( 1) the Controller may order! the defence against eviction to be struck out and proceed with the hearing of the application. 1be landlord-respondent filed an application under s. 14 of the Act for the eviction of the tenant-appellant on grounds of non-payment of rent and unauthorised subletting.
In compliance with the directions of the Additional Rent Controller the tenant paid the ar:rears of rent upto a date but failed to deposit the rent month by month whereupon the landlord made an application under s. 15(7) for striking out the tenant's defence against eviction. Granting the application the Rent Controller struck off the tenant's defence on the ground that on the date of the order (October 15, 1965) the tenant was in default. On November 26. 1965 1he Rent Controller passed an order of eviction on the ground of sub· letting. The. Tribunal a1lowed the tenant's appeals against the orders of the Rent Controller. On appeal by the landlord the High Court held that when the tenant failed to make a deposit of the future rents in compliance with the ordet under s.
15(1) the right to obtain recovery of possession of the premises accrued to the landlord and the Rent Controller had no power to condone the defalllt of the tenant in the payment of arrears of rent and to refuse to grant an order. Allowing the tenant's appeal and remitting the matter to the High Court, FIELD: l(a) The High Court was in error in allowing the application of the landlord on the basis of the failure of the tenant to comply with the order undet s. 15(1). The High Court was also in error in holding that the right to obtain an onler for recovery of possession accn1ed to the landlord. [246HJ (b) "The High Court ought to have considered and decided in the appeal whether the striking out of the defence by the Rent Controller was right or not. If the striking out was right then as the Rent Controller had proceeded with the hearing of the application and passed an order directing possession to the landlord it ought to uphold the order. In.
the event of the High Court holding that the order striking out the defence was erroneous then the order directing recovery of possession should be set aside and the petition heard by the Rent Controller after providing an opportunity to the tenant to raise his defence. (247BJ 242 SUPREME COURT REPO&TS (1978] 1 s. c. r. 2(a) The landlord's contention that the word "may" in s. 15(7) should be construed as "shall" and that in the event of non-complian~ with s. 15(1) the defence against eviction should be struck out, has no force. In the context of s. 15(7) it is not necessary to construe the word "may" as "shall". It is also in keeping with the legislative intent that a discretion is confeirred on the Controller either to strike out the defence or not. [245GJ (b) It is clear from s. 15(7) that the enquiry will have to be proceeded with even when the defence of the tenant has been struck. out. [246E] 3.
The High Court is right in holding that the Rent Controller has n& discretion to extend the time prescribed under s. 15 ( l). Payment or deposit in compliance with the order under s. 15(1) takes ·away the right of the landlord to claim recovery of possession on the ground of default of rent. The legislature has given statutory protection to the tenant by affording him an opportunity to pay the arrears of rent within one month from the date of the order. This statutory provision cannot be modified as rights of parties depend on compliance with an order under s. 15(1 ). [247E-F] ClVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeals Nos. 1748/74 and 669/75. Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Order dated 8-5-1972 of the Delhi High Court in S. A. 0. Nos. 208 and 200 elf 1967. AND C! VlL APPEALS NOS. 713-714 OF 1976 Appeals by Special Leave from the Judgment and Order dated 25-5-1976 of the Delhi High Court in S. A. O. Nos. 49-50 of 1972. AND ClVIL APPEAL NO.
271 OF 1976 Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Order dated 6-2-1976 of the Delhi Court in S. A. 0. No. 16 of 1972. AND SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 1364 OF 1975 From the Judgment and Order dated 16-6-1975 of the. Delhi High Court in S. A. O. 125 of 1975. B. N. Lokur and A. G. Ratnaparkhi for the Appellant in (CA 1748/74 and 669/75). H. K. Puri for Respondent No. 1. · S. N. A ndleJ', B. P. Maheshwari and Suresh Sethi for the Interve-ners. Sultan Singh for the Appellants in (CAs. 713-714/16). S. K. Mehta, K. R. Nagaraja and P. N. Puri for Respondee. t In (S. A. 713-714 of 1976). F. C. Bedi and A. G. Ratnaparkhi for the Appellant (In C. A. 271/76). Vma Datta for the Respondent (In C. A. 271/76). HEM CHAND v. D. C. M. (Kailasam, J. ) 243 Sultan Singh for the petitioner in SLP (Civil) No. 1364/75. Uma Datta for the Respondent in (SLP (Ci~il) No. 1364/75. CIVIL APPEAL NOS : 1748 OF 1974 AND 669 OF 1915 The Judgment df the Court was de. livered by KAILASAM, J.
-These appeals are by certificate granted to Hem Chand, the tenant, under the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958, against the judgment of a Full Bench of1 the Delhi High Court holding that the time prescribed under section 15(1) cannot be extended by the Rent Controller. Municipal Corporation of Delhi is the intervener in both the appeals. The Delhi Cloth & General Mills Co. Ltd. is the landlord. The appellant-tenant occupied the premises at an agreed rent of Rs. 165/-p. m. The tenant defaulted in payment of rent and the landlord -issued a notice of demand on 10th August, 1963 calling upon the tenant to pay a sum of Rs. 2,970/- being the arrears of rent and also complaining that he had unautborisedly sublet the premises. The tenant paid a sum of Rs. 1,000/- only towards arrears within the ,I notice period.
As the balance amount was not paid, on February 24, 1964, the landlord filed an application for eviction of the tenant under section 14 of the Delhi Rent Control Act on grounds of non-pa~me. nt of rent and unauthorised subletting. It impleaded the alleged sub-tenants also as respondents. On September 9, 1964, the Additional Rent Controller, on the application of the landlord, passe tions are placed on the landlord before getting a tenant evicted. Section 14 ( 1) provides that no tenant could be evicted except on an application made to the Controller for an order for recovery of possession on one or more grounds specified in the section. We are con-cerned with the ground of default in payment of rent which is provided for in section 14(1) (a).
If the tenant has neither paid nor -tendered the whole of the arrears of the rent legally recoverable from him within two months of the date on which a notice of demand for the arrears of rent has been served on him by thCl landlord in lhe manner prescribed, the landlord can apply for recovery of possession. ,I" Under the sub-section a notice of demand for arrears of rent should be served by the lancllord on the tenant r"quiring him to pay the arrears of rent within two months. If the tenant pays the arrears of rent within two months of the service of notice, the landlord cannot get an order for recovery of possession on the ground of default in payment of rent. If the tenant fails to pay as required under section 14(1)(a) the proceedings are taken under section 15(1) of the Act.
' The Controller shall after giving the parties an opportunity of being heard, make an order directing the tenant to pay to the landlord or deposit with the Controller within one month of the date of the order, an amount calculated at the. rate of rent at which it was last paid for the period for which the arrears of the rent were legally HBM CHAND v. D. C. M. (Kai/asam, I. ) 245 recoverable from the tenant with a direction that he should contiuue to pay or deposit the rent month by month by the fifteenth of each succeeding month. This is a second opportunity provided to the l! eunt to pay the arrears of rent even though he might not have complied with the notice under sectiou 14(1)(a).
If the tenant pays the arrears of rent within one month from the date of the order of the Controller as required under section 15 ( 1) the landlord cannot have any further complaint about the default in payment of rent for section 14(2) provides that no order for the recovery of possession of any premises shall be made on the ground specified in clause (a) of the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 14, if the tenant makes payment or deposit as required by section 15. Therefore if an order under section 15 (1) is duly complied with, the landlord cannot avail himself of the ground specified in section 14(1)(a), that is failure of the tenant to pay arrears of rent within two months of the date of service of notice on the tenant.
This position is made clear by section 15(6) which lays down that if a tenant makes payment or deposit as required by sub-section ( 1) or sub-section (3), no order shall be made for the recovery of possession on the ground of default in the payment of rent by the tenant. Thus far there is no dispute. A further question arises as to what are the consequences if the tenant fails to comply with an order ' under section 15 (1) . On behalf of the tenant it was submitted that the period of one month prescribed under section 15(1) is not manda-tory and that the Rent Controller has discretion to extend the time. In any event it was submitted that the Rent Controller can only proceed with the hearing of the application and cannot accept failure to comply with section 15(1) by it Court has held that if the landlord fulfils the conditions m"ntioned in the clauses to the proviso to sub-section (I) of section 14.
includ-ing clause (a), the Controller was bound to pass an order for recovery of possession against the tenant and cannot refuse the landlord the prayer for eviction. In the concluding part of its judgmcn' the Full Bench expressed its view that when the tenant failed to make a deposit of the future rents 'n compliance with the order passed under section 15 (1) against him a right to obtain an order for recovery of possession accrued to the landlord and the Controller had no power to condone the default of the tenant and to refuse to grant this order. / While we agree with the view of the Full Bench that the Controller has no power to condone the failure of the tenant to pay arrears of rent as required under section 15 (1), we are satisfied that the l'ull ' Bench fcll into an error in holding that the right to obtain an order for recovery of possession accrued to the landlord.
As we have set out earlier in the event of the tenant failing to comply with the order under section 15 (1) the application will have to be heard giving an opportunity to the tenant if his defence is not struck out under section 15 (7) and without hearing the tenant if his defence is struck ont. The Full Bench is therefore in error in allowing the application of the landlord on the basis of the failure of the tenant to comply with an order under section 15 ( 1). The landlord HEM CHAND v. D. C. M. (Kailasam,. J. ) 247 had appealed to the High Coort against the order of the Tribunal setting aside the Rent Controller's order striking out the defence. The High Court ought to have considered and decided in the appeal whether the striking out of the defence by the Rent Controller was right or not.
If the striking out was right then as the Rent Controller had proceeded with the hearing of the application and passed an order directing possession to the landlord it ought to be upheld, but in the event of the High Court holding that the order striking out the defence by the Rent Controller was erroneous then the order directing recovery of possession should be set aside and the petition of the landlord heard by the Rent Controller after providing an oppor- ' ' . ' tunity to the tenant to raise his defence. Now the question that remains is whether the Rent Controller has any discretion to extend the time prescribed in section 15 (I). This section requires the Controller, after hearing the parties, to make an order directing the tenant to pay to the landlord or deposit with the Controller within one month of the date of the order, the arrears of rent, with a direction that he should continue to pay or deposit, month by month, a sum equivalent to the rent.
This is a second opportunity given to the tenant to pay arrears of rent. Without the 7 protection given under the Act the landlord can on 15 days' notice ending with the month get the tenant evicted. The Rent Control ( Act protects the tenant from such eviction and gives him an opportunity to pay the arrears of rent within two months from the date of notice of demand as provided in section 14(1)(a). Even if he fails to pay, a further opportunity is_ given to the tenant to pay or deposit the arrears within one month under section 15 (I). Such payment or deposit in compliance with the order under section 15 (1) takes away the right of the landlord to claim recovery of possession on the ground of default in payment of rent. The legislature has given statutory protection to the tenant by affording him an opportunity to pay the arrears of rent within one month from the date of the order.
This statutory provision cannot be modified as rights of parties depend on the compliance with an order under section 15 (1). In the circumstances, we agree with the Full Bench that the Rent Controller has no discretion to extend the time prescribed under section 15 ( 1). The result is that the appeal by the tenant is allowed and the matter remitted to the High Court with the direction that it shall hear both the appeals preferred by the landlord afresh and dispose them of according to law in the light of our observations. If the High Court holds that the Rent Controller was right in striking out the defence of the tenant, it will allow the appeals of the landlord and direct recovery of possession from the tenant. But m the event of the High Court holding that the order of the Rent Controller striking out the defence was erroneous, it will remit the matter to the Rent Controller for fresh disposal, after hearing the parties. Ordered accordingly. There will be no order as to costs.
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 713-714 OF 1976 These two appeals are by the tenant by special leave against the judgment of the High Court of Delhi confinning the order of the Rent Controller and the Rent Tribunal and directing his eviction. 248 SUPREMB COURT REPORTS [1978] 1 5. C. R. The eviction was sought for on the grounds of non-payment of rent and acquisition of alternative residence. An order under section 15(1) was passed by the Rent Controller directing the tenant to pay arrears of rent within the time allowed and to continue to pay future rent in accordance with the provisions of the section. The tenant did not pay or deposit the rent as directed. The landlord . "\ \' filed an application under section 15 (7) and the Rent Controller struck out the defence and proceeded to dispose of the application of the -landlord on taking evidence. On May 17, 1971 the eviction was ordered. Appeals were preferred by the.
tenant against the order striking out the defence and directing eviction on account of default in payment of rent. The single Judge of the High Court following the Full Bench decision in The Delhi Cloth and ~neral Mills Co. Ltd. vs. Hem Chand and Anr. (1972 DLT 473) held that the time prescribed under section 15 ( 1) cannot be extended and as the tenant had failed > to comply with an order made under that section the appeals were -dismissed. Though two appeals were preferred both of them wer<> disposed of on the ground that the Rent Controller had no jurisdiction to extend the time and condone the delay. The question as to whether the striking out of the defence by the Rent Controller was pro(>« or not was not considered by the court.
We have held ~her that if it is found that the striking out of the defence was erroneous the tenant is entitled to an opportunity to defend the application, but if it is found that the defence was properly struck out, then the tenant's appeals will have to be dismissed. Both the appeals are remitted to the High Court for disposal in the light of the observations made above. No order as to costs. CIVIL APPEAL NO. 271 OF 1976 This appeal is by the tenant by special leave against the judgment of the Delhi High Court dismissing the tenant's appeal. The tenant failed to pay or deposit arrears of rent as directed under section 15(1) of the Delhi Rent Control Act. In this case the defence of the tenant was not struck out under section 15 (7). The finding of the fOUrtS below that the tenant failed' to comply with an order under section 15 ( 1) is not disputed. The order of eviction is therefore correct and this appeal is dismissed. No order as to costs. SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CIVIL) NO.
1364 OF 1975 No merits. Dismissed. P. B. R.
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