LAGAN JUTE MACHINERIES COMP ANY LIMITED v. CANDLEWOOD HOLDINGS LTD. AND ORS

Citation: [2007] 10 S.C.R. 480

Court: Supreme Court of India

Bench: ARIJIT PASAYAT, LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA

Case summary

LAGAN JUTE MACHINERIES COMP ANY LIMITED v. CANDLEWOOD HOLDINGS LTD. AND ORS.pdf

Judgment text

LAGAN JUTE MACHINERIES COMPANY LIMITED v. CANDLEWOOD HOLDINGS LTD. AND ORS. •. SEPTEMBER 28, 2007 [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, JJ. ) Suit-Eviction suit-Consent decree between Judgment-debtor .. agreeing topay commercial surcharge on consolidatedrates ora rate specified by Municipal Corporation-Judgment-debtor also making payments accordingly-Claim ofcommercial surcharge for earlier period by decree-holder-Execution application claiming eviction and arrears ofcommercial surcharge-Plea ofjudgment debtor that liability to pay the surcharge does not arise-Single Judge ofHigh Court directing realization ofthe charge by selling the assets ofthe Judgment-debtor-Division Bench ofHigh Court upholding the order in view ofthe consent decree and conduct ofthe judgment-debtor- On appeal, held: Order ofHigh Court was correct as the same was passed in view of relevant facts and law-Calcutta Municipal CorporationAct, 1980-s. 171(4).

After expiry oflease in respect ofthe property in question lessor (predecessor-company ofRespondent No. 1 company) filed an eviction suit against the lessee-appellant. Consent decree was passed in the suit decree. The same was also modified after change ofsucceeding owners of the premises. Appellant-lessee, in the decree had given an undertaking that itwould pay the commercialsurchargeon consolidated rate on the Corporation tax or at the rate as would be determined by the Municipal Corporation. On demand ofcommercialsurcharge by the G lessor company lessee paid the same since 1997. Lessor then claimed the arrears ofSurcharge sinceJuly, 1976. Thereafter execution petition was filed by the lessor (decree holder) for vacation ofthe premises and for payment ofarrears ofsurcharge. Single Jude held that the lessee was not liable to pay the commercial surchargefrom 1997which he had ) v. CANDLEWOOD HOLDINGS LTD.

already paid and such surcharge could not be levied prior to commencement ofSection 171(4) ofCalcutta Municipal Corporation Act, 1980 i. e. 1. 4. 1984. It directed payment of arrear occurring from 1. 4. 1984 till June, 1997. The Special Leave Petition against the order was withdrawn. Thereaftersecond execution petition was filed, during pendency thereof, application u/s 47 CPC was filed questioning the date of imposition of surcharge as well as contending that payment of r surcharge actually arose only after determination ofannual valuation .. and fixation of rates by Municipal Authorities. Single Judge ofHigh Court disposed ofthe execution application ofReceiver for realization ofcommercial surcharge and consolidated rates oftaxes.

In appeal to Division Bench of High Court, it was contended that as per law prevalent, rate bill has not been presented to the occupier; and that it was not liable to pay as the Act envisaged one consolidated rate bill payable by the ownerwhich was recoverablefrom theoccupier. Division Bench ofHigh Court in view ofthe consent decree and the fact that the appellant had all along been making payment, declined contentions of appellant, and upheld the order of Single Judge. Hence the present appeals. Dismissing the appeals, the Court HELD: The High Court has referred to all the relevant factors and has kept in view the correct position in law. Division Bench did not __....... accept the stand ofthe appellant that underlaw prevalent at the relevant time, the rate bill should have been presented to the occupier for payment and since there was no such presentation, the question ofnonpayment does not arise.

It also did not accept the stand that after the Corporation Act came into operation, there was one consolidated rate bill and amountwas not determined and the primary obligation "Owner to pay and thereafter recover from appellant", and as such the appellant is not liable. It was noted that it all along made payment in terms ofthe terms ofthe settlement before the High Court on the basis ofwhich the consent decree was passed. There was no dispute with regard to the amount raised at any pointoftime. In the earlier round also, theDivision Bench noted this stand which was indicated in the memorandum of appeal and SLP before this Court was withdrawn. In the earlier SLP the stand was that the dispute related to post-1984 and also there is no dispute after 1997. It is also to be noted that there was no point raised relating to interest before the High Court. Admittedly, the assessment proceedings have been completed and bills have been raised by the Municipal Corporation.

That beingso, thereis no merit in these appeals. (Paras 4, 5, 10, 11 and 13] [488-B, C; 484-C, D; 487-E, F] Kamlabai andOrs. v. MangilalDulichandMantri, (1987] 4 SCC 585, -( relied on. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos. 5670- 5671 of 2000. From the Judgment and Order dated 05. 05. 2000 ofthe High Court ofJudicature at Calcutta in APOT No. 333 of2000. (G. A. No. 1592 of ~~~~o~: ~1. ~~~~~~~, ~~~~~ ~s8~~. 1~;~) ~d ~J. OT N~. 309 0 0 1 9 Amar Dave, Mahesh Agarwal, Rishi Agrawala, E. C. Agrawala, Gaurav Goel and Neha Aggarwal for the Appellant. Tapash Ray, Srenik Singhvi, Anil Agrawal, Mohd. Faisal, K. V. Vijayakumar and L. C. Agrawala for the Respondents. The Judgment ofthe Court was delivered by DR ARIJIT PASAYAT, J. 1. Challenge in these appeals is to the . order passed by a Division Bench ofthe Calcutta High Court in an appeal which was directed against the order of the learned Single Judge dated 23. 3. 2000.

By the said order,·the learned Single Judge in that application for execution appointed Receiver for realiz. ation ofcommercial charges and consolidated rates and taxes in terms ofprayer (e) ofcolumn 10 of the tabular statement. The order was passed on 9. 2. 2000 wherein it was recorded in terms of earlier order dated 18. 5. 1999 that the judgment debtor did not pay any instalment and in that view the decree dated 13. 10. 1982 had become executable. The second order dated 9. 2. 2000 was not challenged in any proceedings. The application was made by the H tabular. statement before the learned Single Judge for execution ofthe / decree dated 13. 10. 1982. The said decree was passed by consent of the parties and parties filed their tenns of settlement in the Court on the basis of which the said consent decree was made. The decree was subsequently modified by consent ofparties by order dated 26. 4. 1990 and subsequently the.

decree was transferred by the then decree-holder · in favour of the applicant-respondent for execution proceedings. The execution proceedings were related to recovery ofthe immovable property and money on account of rates, taxes and commercial surcharge levied by the Municipal Corporation ofCalcutta (in short 'Corporation') under the Municipal Corporation Act, 1980 (in short the 'Corporation Act') which operated prospectively from 4. 1. 1984. An order was made in tenns of prayer (b) ofthe tabular statement on the earlier occasion and also in tenns of prayer (f) as recorded in the order dated 2. 9. 2000. By another order dated 30. 3. 2000 application was rejected. 2. Stand of the appellant was that the learned Single Judge was incorrect in passing the order directing execution by way ofappointment I) of Receiver since the commercial surcharge is not payable according to Corporation Act and the consolidated rates an4 taxes are detennined by the Corporation.

Stand before the High Court was that since no rate had been produced and it was not so as determined by the Corporation, there is no question ofpaying any amount by way ofsurcharge. It was urged that the Corporation Act envisages one consolidated rate bill payable by the owner which is recoverable by the owner from the occupier. It was urged that the earlier order dated 10. 3. 1999 as well as the order ofthe Division Bench did not consider this aspect. Therefore, it was submitted that the application should not have been disposed of under Section 47 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short 'CPC'). 3. Stand of the respondents, on the other hand, was that there was no dispute with regard to amount payable and the appellant had in fact paid the amount. The question was considered by the earlier Division Bench by an order dated 18. 5. 1999. The order was challenged before this Court by SLP which was not accepted. Reference was also made to a letter dated 10. 12.

1999, which clearly indicated the liability for commercial surcharge. The Division Bench considered the respective stand. It was noted that the claim can be divided into two parts. One \. A part ofthe claim is from 1976 upto 4. 1. 1984, when the Corporation Act came into force and the second portion of the claim is subsequent to coming into operation ofthe said Act. 4. So far as the first portion is concerned, there was no argument on behalfofthe appellant. It was not explained as to what would be its stand for non-payment ofthe dues prior to the operation of the Act. It was, however, submitted by the appellant that under. law prevalent at the relevant time, the rate bill should have been presented to the occupier for J payment and since there was no such presentation, the question ofnonpayment does not arise. The High Court did not accept this stand with reference to the consent decree.

The High Court also did not accept this stand that after the Corporation Act came into operation, there was one consolidated rate bill and amount was not determined and the primary obligation "Owner to pay and thereafter recover from appellant", and as ~uch the appellant is not liable. It was noted that it all along mad~ payment mterms ofclause 7 ofthe terms ofthe settlement before the High Court on the basis of which the consent decree was passed. There was no dispute with regard to the amount raised at any point oftime. 5. The Division Bench also did not find any relevance ofthe fact that letter dated 10. 12. 1999 was issued under the heading "without prejudice". The High Court was ofthe view that it is clear from the letter that there was no dispute with regard to the amount and the expression "without prejudice" referred to any other contention that could have been raised by the appellant.

Since the appellant was paying the amount without any dispute, the stands raised were not acceptable. In the earlier round also, the Division Bench noted this stand which was indicated in the memorandum ofappeal and SLP before this Court was withdrawn. The appeal was accordingly dismissed. 6. In support ofthe appeals, it has been contended as follows: (I) Commercial surcharge only becomes payable after the same is determined by the Corporation. Since that has not been done and there is no assessment and no demand by the Corporation, the question ofany liability does not arise. (2) Commercial surcharge payable under the Act since 4. 1. 1984 and the same is not payable. 7. In the consent decree, clause (vii) is ofconsiderable relevance in the present dispute.

The same reads as follows: "The defendant further undertakes and agrees to punctually and regularly pay commercial surcharge on consolidated rates @50% of the amount of corporation tax or at such rate as Municipal Corporation ofCalcutta may determine as and when the same is determined and becomes payable and the defendant shall keep the plaintiffor person claiming through the plaintifffully discharged and indemnified. " 8. Reference also needs to be made to letter dated 10. 12. 1999. The said reads as follows: "Mis Candlewood Holdings Limited, 24, Park Street, CALCUTTA 700 016. Dear Sir, Sub: Payment ofRent for the month ofOctober, 1999 without prejudice. Enclosed please find the four Manager's Cheque No. 056083, 056084, 056085, 056086 dated 09. 12. 99 payable at UCO Bank, _.. I. , Free School Street Branch for Rs. 1,53,182/- on account ofRent Payable for October, 1999. The irnount in the Cheque is arrived as below. Rent Rs. 1,26,943. 00 Corporation Tax Rs. 46,270. 84 G' ....

;' Commercial Surcharge @50% of Corpn. Tax. Rs. 23,135. 44 Rs. 1,96,349. 00 Less: I. Tax 20% on Rs. 1,26,943. 50 =Rs. 25,389. 00 2. Surcharge 10% on I. Tax. =Rs. 2,539. 00 ========== Rs. 27,928. 00 Rs. 1,68,421. 78 Less: Arrear I. Tax an~ surcharge: Actual I. Tax and surcharge since April, 1999 to Sept. 99 '1: =Rs. 1,67,568. 00 Less: Deducted during earlier Said months =Rs. 1,52,328. 00 Rs. 15,240. 00 Net amount: Rs. 1,53,181. 78 With best regards, Yours faithfully, For THE LAGAN JUTE MACHINERY CO. LTD. Sd/- B. B. CHAKRABORTY SUPERVISOR (Cashier) Encl: As above. " 9. At this juncture, it would be appropriate to take note of what was stated in Kamlabai and Ors. v. Mangilal Dulichand Mantri, [1987] 4 SCC 585, it was noted as follows: 28. The next question which is ofsome importance is about raising ofthe objections at the earlier stage. Admittedly when the award was filed in the court, notice was served and no objection was raised.

Ifthe tenant intended to raise the objection that this decree on the basis of the award could not be passed as it was in contravention of Clause 13 of the Rent Act and therefore was absolutely without jurisdiction, such an objection could have been raised there and then. The tenant admittedly did not raise this objection which was open to him. In this view ofthe matter, the / f contention on behalfof the appellant about the constructive res judicata also is ofsome significance. This question ofconstructive res judicata in execution proceedings came before this Court in Mohanlal Goenka v. Benoy Krishna Mukherjee. In this decision following the earlier decision ofthe Privy Council, this Court ruled that the principles ofconstructive resjudicata will be applicable even in execution proceedings. •· 29. It is also clear that when the decree was passed on the basis ofaward and notice was issued to the judgment-debtor respondent no such objection was raised.

It is also clear that the decree was · put in execution on more than one occasions and this obj~ction was for the first time raised only in 1983. In this view ofthe matter also the contention ofthe learned counsel for the appellant that by not raising this objection earlier the judgment-debtor has lost his right to raise this objection and he is estopped, deserves to be .. _> accepted, although in the light ofwhat we have discussed earlier, it is not necessary to go into this question, having come to the conclusion on the first question against the respondent. " 10. It is to be noted that in the earlier SLP the stand was that there. wa5 no liability prior to 1984. In other words the dispute related to post- 1984 and also there is no dispute after 1997. It is also to be noted that there was no point raised relating to interest before the High Court. 11. Admittedly, Municipal Corporation was not a party before the High Court and was subsequently impleaded.

It is stated before this Court that so far as the appellant is concerned, the Corporation has completed the assessment proceedings and bills amounting to Rs. 1,02,23,706. 88, have been raised. 12. It is pointed out that in terms ofthe order dated 24. 7. 2000 of the Deputy Municipal Commissioner (Revenue HQ) the said premises . were surveyed and assessed. The assessment was made from April 1974 to March 2001, when it was found that a total amount oftax payable, in respect of the said premises, as assessed is Rs. 26,47,07,167/- out of which approximately Rs. 7. 70 crores, which includes Rs. 1,10,50,624. 51 \ \ '·~ A p. in Suspense Ale. , have been realized. However, more than Rs. 18. 7 . ,,_ Crores oftax is due from the premises. The details ofyear wise valuation and tax liability contained in a Summary Report on Annual Valuation with Tax Liabilities ofpremises No. 24, Park Street, Kolkata. A copy ofthe report has been filed. B 13.

The High Court has referred to all the relevant factors and has kept in view the correct position in law. That being so, there is no merit in these appeals which are accordingly dismissed. K. K. T. Appeals dismissed.