M-S. EVEREST WOOLS PVT. LTD. AND ORS. v. U.P. FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND ORS

Citation: [2007] 13 S.C.R. 857

Court: Supreme Court of India

Bench: S.B. SINHA, H.S. BEDI

Case summary

M-S. EVEREST WOOLS PVT. LTD. AND ORS. v. U.P. FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND ORS.pdf

Judgment text

~ MIS. EVEREST WOOLS PVT. LTD. AND ORS. I v. U. P. FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND ORS. DECEMBER 14, 2007 (S. B. SINHA AND HARJIT SINGH BEDI, JJ. ] was sanctioned by it. A sum of Rs. 41. 60 lakhs was disbursed to it by March, 1992. Some other amount was also disbursed by way of State Capital Investment Subsidy by the Government. 4. Inter alia on the premise that the appellant-company had + purchased some·plants and machinery worth Rs. 6. 75 lacs from one of their financed units namely Mis. Uttrakhand Woolen Yam Udyog Pvt. Ltd. and obtained financial assistance from PICUP, anotice was issued by U. P. State Financial Corporation to the appellant asking for its response thereto failing which it was threatened that action under Section 29 ofthe 1951 Act would be taken. An explanation, pursuant thereto, was submitted. However, entire loan was recalled inter alia on the premise that the company had committed defaults in paying the instalments. Some letters were exchanged between the parties.

However, it appears that PICUP authorized U. P. State Financial Corporation to act as its agent as both of them are premium financial institutions ofthe State ofU. P. Arepresentation was again made by the appellants before the Financial Corporation for adjusting the over-due amount which was not acceded to. In exercise of its powers under Section 29 ofthe 1951 Act possession ofthe assets of the appellant company was taken over by the U. P. State Financial Corporation. A First Information Report was also lodged in respect of the purported purchase ofplant and machinery by the appellant company from Mis. Uttrakhand Woolen Yarn Udyog Pvt. Ltd. On enquiry, the allegations against the appellant company were not found to be correct; whereafter a request was made by the appellant company to the Financial Corporation as also PICUP for handing over the possession ofthe unit to it as also for waiver of interest etc.

PICUP, however, invoked the guarantees executed by the Directors of the appellant company. A recovery citation was ·also issued. 5. However, in the meantime some machinery parts were found to be missing, although security guards had been posted in the said factory. Valuation thereofwas made and a sum ofRs. 45,000/- was credited to the account ofthe appellant-company. Again some theft took place. 6. Two writ petitions were filed, one by the company and three others, including Vinod Kumar Agrawal, (CMWP No. 34059of1999) and the other by Vinod Kumar Agrawal (CMWP No. 41849of1999). In the said writ petitions following reliefs were prayed for :- "JN CMWP No. 3405911999. a. to issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of certiorari quashing the impugned personal recovery certificate dated 31. 07. 1999 (Annexure 12) passed by respondent No. I. b.

to issue a writ, order or direction in the nature ofmandamus restraining the respondents from recovering the loan from the petitioners in pursuance of impugned personal recovery certificates dated 31. 07. 1999 (Annexure 12). . , c. to issue a writ, order or direction in nature of ad interim "" mandamus staying operation ofthe impugned recovery citation dated 31. 07. 1999 (Annexure 12) issued by respondent no. 5 against the petitioners. d. to issue a writ, order or direction in the nature ofmandamus directing the respondent not to take any coercive methods against the petitioners such as arrest, attachment/sale oftheir moveable and immoveable properties. e. to issue any other suitable order or directions as this Hon'ble r Court may deem fit and proper in the circumstances of the case. f to award cost ofthis petition. " IN CMWP No. 4184811999 (i) issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of certiorari quashing the impugned recovery citation dated 31. 07. 99 (Annexure No.

14) passed by the respondent no. I. "" (ii) issue a writ, order, direction in the nature of mandamus restraining the respondent from recovering the loan from the petitioner in pursuance ofimpugned personal recovery citation dated 31. 07. 99 (Annexure 14). (Iii) issue a writ, order or direction in nature of ad interim mandamus staying operation ofthe impugned recovery citation .. .. dated 31. 07. 99 issued by the respondent no. 4 against the petitioner. (iv) issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of mandamus directing the respondent not to take any coercive method against the petitioner such as arrest, attachment/sale oftheir I moveable and immoveable properties. (v) issue any other suitable writ, order or directions as this Hon'ble Court may deem fit and proper in the circumstances ofthe case. (vi) issue writ, order or direction in the nature of mandamus directing the respondents Nos. I and 2 to hand over the physical possession of the unit as per the conditions of 30. 11. 98.

(vii) Award cost of this petition to the petitioner against the respondents. " 7. Whereas in the former only direction for stay of recovery proceedings was prayed for but in the writ petition filed by Vinod Kumar Agrawal recovery ofpossession ofthe unit was also prayed for. 8. By reason of the impugned judgment, a Division Bench ofthe High Court, without going into the questions involved therein, inter alia, on finding that the appellants had been trying to evade payment ofthe amounts under the personal guarantee bonds, which had been invoked by the PICUP, the recovery proceedings initiated by it cannot be stopped, dismissed the writ petition. 9. During the pendency of the appeals before this Court, an advertisement for sale ofthe unit was issued by the U. P. State Financial Corporation. An order ofstay was passed on 15th November, 2002 by this Court restraining the respondent for finalizing the sale.

By an order dated 31st March, 2003, on an oral prayer made on behalf of the appellants, this Court directed the respondents to permit the to have inspection of the plant and machinery and take photographs thereof, pursuant whereto an inspection was made and it was found as of fact that not only some plants and machinery were missing but the plant and machinery were also not being maintained. 10. In its order dated 23rd ApPil, 2007, this Court noticed that an inventory ofthe plants and machinery had been prepared at the time when possession ofproperties belonging to the appellants had been taken over. Having regard to the interest ofthe parties, a fresh inventory was directed to be made by ajudicial officer, who was to be nominated by the District Judge, Dehradun. One Mr. Manish Mishra, 1st Additional Civil Judge (Senior Division), Dehradun was nominated for the said purpose, He submitted his report which speaks for itself. 11. The Corporation, however, contended that value of the . ..

machinery missing would be ofnot much significance. 12. Submission of Mr. S. K. Vem1a, learned counsel appearing on behalfofthe appellants, is that the provisions of Section 29 ofthe 1951 Act have been misused in the instant case. It was contended that the action, on the part of the respondents, in recalling the loan and in taking over possession ofthe running unit was neither fair nor reasonable. Taking recourse to invocation ofthe personal guarantees ofthe Directors ofthe Company for recovery ofthe loan amount was, it was urged, totally illegal. 13. Mr. Shrish Kumar Misra, learned counsel appearing on behalf D ofthe Corporation and Mr. Aarohi Bhalla, learned counsel appearing for PICUP, on the other hand, would submit that in terms ofthe provisions of the 1951 Act as also 1972 Act, they were not only entitled to take possession ofthe properties under Section 29 ofthe 1951 Act but were also entitled to invoke the guarantees furnished by the Directors ofthe company.

It was submitted that possession ofthe respondents in relation to the plant and machinery was that of a 'bailee' and as it has not been alleged that proper care thereofhad not been taken as envisaged under Section 151 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, the respondents are not liable to reimburse the appellants for the loss of articles. According to the learned counsel, even for the said purpose only a suit would be maintainable and not a writ application. 14. In view of the order proposed to be passed by us, we do not intend to deal with all the rival contentions ofthe parties. 15. The High Court, in our opinion, was not correct in passing the impugned order. The Corporation, no doubt, is entitled to realize its dues, but it must be borne in mind that it had been conferred with a special statutory power in terms ofSection 29 and 31 ofthe Act of 1951 therefor.

Such power in the Corporation was conferred by an Act ofParliament, inter alia, keeping in view the fact that it being a statutory authority and, thus, being a 'State' within the meaning ofArticle 12 ofthe Constitution oflndia, will act fairly and reasonably. The entire loan was recalled not only because the appellants were defaulters but also on the allegation that they had purchased second hand plant and machinery from another financial institution in breach ofthe contract, which having been found to be wholly ;. incorrect, it must be held that it had acted on extraneous consideration. So far as the PICUP is concerned, it was bound to act in terms of the provisions ofthe 1972 Act. Whether it did so, is a question which should have been gone into by the High Court. 16.

Power under Section 29 of the 1951 Act empowers the Corporation to take recourse to either :- (1) take over the possession ofthe plant and machinery ; (2) take over management ofan on going concern ; and (3) sell the property pledged, mortgaged, hypothecated or assigned to it. When it talces over possession ofthe plant and machinery in exercise of its statutory power, apart from its obligation as a 'bailee', it also acts ,. _ as a 'trustee'. Its action otherwise must be fair and reasonable. It is true that fairness cannot be a one way street, but then whereas the Corporation indisputably has a right to realize its dues, it must act strictly in terms of .. ;. the statutory and constitutional Scheme. Ifit acts unfairly, it fails the system. y While it exercised its enormous statutory power, it is expected perform its duties also. Such a duty is envisaged not only under the law but also under Article 14 ofthe Constitution ofIndia.

A person aggrieved by the action ofthe State must have an effective remedy. The purpose oftalcing over possession and that too ofan on-going concern, without talcing over the Management, would be to sell the unit. A buyer may like to purchase the on-going concern. Ifthe plant and machinery are kept in order and in " ,,. working condition they would fetch one price but ifthe machinery are stolen or allowed to rust, the same would not. 17. For taking recourse to sale ofthe unit and in a case ofthis nature where the possession ofthe plant and machinery had been taken of an on-going concern, an extra care on the part of the authorities of the Financial Corporation was expected. We do not know whether immediate steps for sale of the properties had been taken or not. It is stated that some advertisements were issued, but why a running concern could not be sold is a matter which requires a deeper scrutiny. 18.

We are also not aware whether PICUP invoked personal guarantees ofthe Directors in contravention ofthe 1972 Act. We have noticed the controversy between the parties in regard to the theft ofthe properties and the valuation thereof. We do not know if any step had been taken by the Corporation against the officials or the security guards who were found to be responsible therefor. We are even not aware as to whether a criminal case had been initiated in that behalf or not. 19. We, therefore, keeping in view the aforementioned factual matrix, are ofthe opinion that interest ofjustice would be met ifthe impugned judgment is set aside and the matters are remitted to the High Court for its consideration afresh. As technicalities may come in the way ofthe High Court for grant ofproper reliefs in favour ofthe appellants, in the event they are found entitled thereto, we grant liberty to them to amend writ petitions suitably.

Parties may bring on records subsequent events also by filing additional affidavits. 20. In the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case, the High Court is requested to consider all aspects of the matter and pass appropriate order(s) as it may seem fit and proper. 21. For the aforementioned purpose subsequent events should also be taken into consideration including the report ofthe learned Civil Judge and the replies filed thereagainst. As the matter is pending for a long time, the High Court may consider the desirability ofthe disposal ofthe same as expeditiously as possible. 22. The appeals are allowed on the aforesaid terms. However, keeping in view the facts and circumstances ofthe case, there shall be no order as to costs. S. K. S. Appeals allowed.