RAMAPPA HALAPA PUJAR AND ORS. v. STATE OF KARNATAKA

Citation: [2007] 5 S.C.R. 832

Court: Supreme Court of India

Bench: S.B. SINHA, MARKANDEY KATJU

Case summary

RAMAPPA HALAPA PUJAR AND ORS. v. STATE OF KARNATAKA.pdf

Judgment text

•• RAMAPPA HALAPA PUJARAND ORS. v. STATEOFKARNATAKA APRIL 27, 2007 [S. B. SINHA AND MARKANDEY KATJU, JJ. ] Penal Code, I860; Ss. 143, I47, I48, 34I, 342 and 302 rlw S. 149: Assault and murder-Accused persons assaulted deceased, her two sons and another (PW 25) with deadly weapons-Injury also caused to accused No. I accidentally-In he injured condition the deceased was forcibly taken away and tied to an electric pole and her garments were taken offand accused continuously assaulted her till she breathed her last-Lodging of FIR by PW25-Charge-sheet-Trial Court acquitted all the accusedpersons- Reversed by High Court holding that there was no reason to disbelieve the evidence of relative witnesses and injured witnesses and convicted all the accused except A6 to A9 for committing offences under Sections 143, 147, + I48, 34I, 342 and 302 rlw Section I49 !

PC and sentenced them accordingly-- On appeal, Held: Accused persons bearing ill-will against the deceased and her family in a land dispute matter-Deceased suffered a number of antemortem injuries almost on all part ofher body-Trial Court appears to have totally relied upon the evidence ofthe Medical Officer that accused No. I was brought to hospital with a history ofassaults but there were inconsistencies in the evidence ofdrivers ofthe tractor and the tempo in which accused no. I was taken from a Hospital and then shiftedto another hospital-Prosecution has explained about suffering ofinjuries by accused no. I, however, accused no.

I could not offer any explanation as to how he sustained such injuries- The manner in which the deceased met her death would show that she had been brutally assaulted by a large number ofpersons-Turning of some of the witnesses hostile by itself would not negate the case of prosecution- However, turning of the villagers hostile in a case of this nature would show that there was ring oj truth in the prosecution case-Since injuries sustained by PW25 was not in dispute, trial Court was not justified in disbelieving his evidence-Testimony of prosecution witnesses cannot be said to be wholly unreliable-Accused no. 1 did not tell any thing about the injury sustained by him to Investigating Officer, which clearly show RAMAPPA llALAPA PUJAR v. STATE OF KARNATAKA 833 ; JI-that accused no.

1 made all the attempts to conceal the circumstances under which he had sustained injuries--Contradiction found in the deposition of the prosecution witnesses, minor in nature-Under such circumstances, High Court has believed the prosecution story-Hence, no infirmity is found in the impugnedjudgment-Testimony ofrelative and injured witnesses-Evidentiary value. According to the prosecution, on the fateful day, the deceased and her two sons went to the field/property in dispute for plucking groundnuts. The accused persons in furtherance of their common object of assaulting them came to the field with deadly weapons. They also chased one 'D'-PW 25 and assaulted him. They assaulted the deceased with sticks causing bleeding injuries. Allegedly in the scuffle that followed, accused no. 1 instigated accused no. 4 to stab PW25 and when an attempt was made in this behalf, accidentally bleeding injuries were caused to accused no. 1. PW25 ran away, he was, however, caught in a nearby place.

His hands were tied and was wrongfully confined in a house. It is also alleged that the accused persons also threw stones at the deceased and her companions PWs. 26 to 28. One of them had hit the deceased. PWs. 25 to 28 being frightened, moved a little away from the scene leaving the deceased on the spot. She was forcibly taken near a Bus sand by t~e accused persons, they tied her to an electric pole and her garments were taken off. She was tied around her neck with her own saree. She was assaulted with sticks. She begged for water but the same was denied to her. The accused continued to assault her with sticks till she breathed her last. The first informant, PW-25 who was allegedly kept confined in his house, after regaining consciousness when, he came to know of the murder, he lodged the First Information Report. The post-mortem examination of the deceased was conducted and charge sheet was filed by the police.

Trial Court acquitted the accused persons on the ground that the prosecution case has been supported only by the first informant, PW25, sister ofthe deceased and sons of the deceased PW. 27 and PW. 28 on whose evidence no reliance can be placed. On appeal, the Division Bench of the High Court, however, opined that there was no reason to disbelieve the testimony of PWs. 25 to 28, particularly J when PW. 25 was an injured witness, differed with the findings of trial Court holding that though they are the close relatives of the deceased, they cannot be termed as the interested witnesses; Moreover the testimony given by them in Court stands corroborated form the medical evidence on record The High Court found all the accused persons except A6 and A9 guilty of committing offences under Sections 143, 147, 148, 341, 342, and 302 read with Section ' 4 149 ofl. P. C.

, convicted them and sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life and also to pay fine for commission of the offence ucder section 302 read with Section 149 ofthe IPC etc. However, benefit ofdoubt was given to accused A6 to AS and case against accused A9 abated as he died during trial. Accused-appellants contended that sufficient and cogent reasons having been assigned in support of the judgment of acquittal recorded by the Trial Judge which was based on probability and the view taken by it being a possible one, the High Court committed a manifest error in reversing the said judgment of acquittal Dismissing the appeal, the Court HELD: 1. 1. Appellants and other persons supporting them were bearing ill will against the deceased and her family. Existence of the land dispute between the decreased and the accused stands admitted. Homicidal nature of the death of the deceased is also not in dispute. The fact that she suffered a number of ante-mortem injuries is also not in dispute.

From the post-mortem report it is evident that she had suffered injuries almost on all parts of her body. She suffered even a fracture on left thigh bone. [Para 14) (842-G-H; 843-A] 1. 2. Trial Court appears to have totally relied upon the evidence of PW. 22, the Medical Officer. According to him accused no. 1 was brought to the Hospital with a history ofassault He examined him and found stab-wound 1 cm. above umbilicus transversally measuring 2-1/2 cm. x Y. cm. x 1cm on his body. [Para 15) [843-B) 1. 3. The inconsistencies between evidence of PW. 18 the driver of the tractor and PW. 12 the driver of the tempo in which accused no. 1was taken to hospital and shifted there from to another hospital is evident. If PW. 12 is to be believed, apart from the mistake in the year in which the accident took place, appellant no. 1 reached the Government Hospital at 10. 45 A. M. They were there only for 5 to 10 minutes.

They reached the Hospital at about 12 O'Clock which was situated at a distance of25 k. m. Why it took more than ninety mintues to cover a distance of25 k. m. , is not known. How accused \ no. I was being taken to the Government Hospital when he had a bandage on his stomach has not been explained. (Para 15) (843-G-H; 844-A) 1. 4. Although according to PW. 18 the vehicle in which accused no. 1 was transported was a matador van, according to PW 1 he was merely driving RAMAPPA HALAPA PUJAR v. STATE OF KARNATAKA 835 a tempo. Appellant no. 1 was unconscious who made a statement in regard to the time or manner of occurrence and the name ofthe assailants is not know. Why such a statement had to be recorded has also not been disclosed. PW. 22 must have examined the accused no. I only for a few minutes. He might have given only the first aid. [Para 15) (844-8) 1. 5. The manner in which the occurrence took place at three different places goes to show that it must have taken some time.

Possibility of the accused appellant no. I sustaining a stab injury at the instance of the prosecution witnesses or others is not clear. Prosecution, at least, has come out with some explanation as to how he suffered a stab injury. On the other hand, the appellants had not offered any explanation whatsoever. It is unbelievable that in a situation ofthis nature, particularly when an accused had suffered a grievous injury for which he was allegedly required to remain in hospital for more than 2 months, would not be reported to the police. PW. 22, the medical officer although stated that he had reported the matter to the police, no attempt was made to obtain production ofthe said document. The copy ofthe said report had also not been produced by PW. 22. (Para 17) [844-D-F) 1.! i. Accused no. I had not been arrested. Ifhe wu undergoing treatment at the hospital for such a long time, he himself could have lodged a first information report. The other villagers also could have done the same.

Sustenance ofthe injury at the hands ofthe prosecution witnesses in ordinary course should have been disclosed by the Panch witnesses. Investigating Officer in his deposition stated that he came to learn about the said injury in the course of his investigation only on 16. 12. 1994. He had not carried out any investigation in relation thereto. Presumably he did not feel any necessity therefore. The Sessions Judge made a caustic remark thereabout. Performance of statutory duties of the Investigating Officer making investigation properly or not may be a subject matter ofcomment but the High Court cannot be said to have committed any mistake in not getting swayed by the said fact alone. [Para 18) (844-G-H; 845-A) 1. 7. If the defence story in regard to sufferance of injury by accused no. 1 at 9. 30 A. M. ls not believed, much of the reasonings adopted by the Sessions Judge to record a judgment of acquittal in favour of all the accused persons become unsustainable.

The manner in which the deceased met her death would show that she had been brutally assaulted by a large number of persons. She was tied with a wooden pole and not only she had been assaulted ;... all over her body, an attempt was made even to hang her by using her saree. • [Para 19] (845-B] 2. 1. A large number of witnesses turned hostile. The same by itself would not negate the prosecution case. The very fact that the villagers in a case of this nature had turned hostile would, on the other hand, show that there was a ring of truth in the prosecution case. [Para 20] (845-D) · 2. 2. The High Court has rightly noticed that although the prosecution witnesses turned hostile, they made no whisper about the incident having occurred in the manner as alleged by the-accused-appellants. It is of some significance that the injuries sustained by PW. 25 is not in dispute. Why the evidence of the injured witnesses was not believed by the Trial Court is beyond any comprehension.

He was the brother of accused I and 2. He was also a party to the deed ofsale. The High Court had assigned cogent and sufficient reasons in relying upon the evidence of PW. 25, particularly, when there are evidences on record to show that he had been assaulted with material objects. [Para 22] (845-H; 846-A-B) 2. 3. Even if, the version of the respondent that accused no. I suffered injury at the hands of PW. 27 while he was firmly held by the deceased and PW. 26 is believed, the presence of PWs. 26 and 27 stands accepted. (Para 23) (846-C] 2. 4. The fact that PW. 26 is the sister of the deceased and PWs. 27 and 28 were her sons, their testimonies before the Court cannot be said to be wholly unreliable. [Para 24] (846-D] 2. 5. In regard to the depositions of PWs. 25 to 28, this Court agrees with the inference arrived at by the High Court as regards credibility oftheir evidences before the court.

There may be some contradictions in the depositions of the said witnesses but they are minor in nature. [Para 26] Mano v. State ofTamil Nadu, JT (2007) 5 SC 143, relied on. 2. 6. As per evidence of the Investigating Officer, accused no. I when \ questioned, declined to tell him anything. If he was not at the place of occurrence at the time when the incident had taken place, it was expected that he would tell his side of the story including the manner in which he had suffered injuries to the Investigating officer. There was absolutely no reason why he would suppress the fact from the Investigating Officer. This clearly RAMAPPA HALAPA PUJAR v. STATE OF MRNATAKA [S. B. SINHA, J. ) 837 • J, goes to show that accused no. l made all attempts to conceal the circumstances under which he had sustained injuries on his person.

Ifin the aforementioned situation the High Court has believed the prosecution story, no infirmity is found therein, particularly, when no complaint was made in that behalf by accused no. l or by anybody else in their behalf to the police. (Para 24] [846-D-FJ 2. 7. Accused no. l has also not raised any plea of self-defence. Suggestions given to the prosecution witnesss are self-inconsistent and wholly contradictory to each other. They cannot go together. (Para 25] (846-F] 2. 8. The High Court, thus, in a case of this nature cannot be said to have committed any error in reversing the judgment of acquittal by the Trial Court. The jurisdiction of the High Court albeit is limited in this behalf, as wou. ld appear from some of the decisions ofthis Court but the High Court did not exceed its jurisdiction. (Para 27) [847-A) Munivel v. State ofTamil Nadu, (2006) 9 SCC 394; Mohinder Singh & Ors. v. State ofPunjab, (2006) 10 SCC 418; Kallu alias Masiah & Ors. v. State ofMP.

, (2006) 10 SCC 313 and Chandrappa & Ors. v. State ofKarnataka (2007) 3 SCALE 90, referred to• ... CRIMINAL APPEALLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No. 1344 of2005. From the Final Judgment and Order dated 09. 06. 2005 ofthe High Court of Kamataka at Banglore in Criminal Appeal No. 252 of 1999 (A). Girish Ananthamurthy and Vaijyanthi Girish (for P. P. Singh) for the Appellants. Rana Mukherjee, Siddharth Gautam and Sanjay R. Hedge for the Appellants. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by S. B. SINHA, J. I. Appellants herein have filed this statutory appeal under the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970 being aggrieved by and dissatisfied with the judgment dated 9. 6. 2005 passed by a Division Bench of the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in Criminal Appeal No.

252 of 1999(A) whereby and whereunder, a judgment of acquittal passed by a III Additional Sessions Judge, Dharwad acquitting the appellants herein for offence punishable under sections 143, 147, 148, 341, 324, 342, 504 and 302 read with Section 149 of I. P. C. , was reversed. 2. The alleged occurrence took place at about 10. 30 A. M. on 13. 12. 1994 near the Bus stand at Village Ichangi situated in the District of Dharwad. A First Information Report was lodged by one Devendrappa (PW-25). He is the brother of appellants I and 2 herein being original accused nos. I and 2. Appellant no. 4 is married to the sister of the appellants I and 2. Appellants I and 2 and the first informant allegedly sold 5 acres 20 gunthas of land situated in the said Village lchangi to deceased Ratnavva. The contention of the accused no. I, however, was that his signature on the alleged deed of sale was a forged one. The property, however was in possession of the deceased Ratnavva. On 13. 12. 1994 at about 7.

30 A. M. Ratnavva and her sons Shivananda Basavaraj and Veeresh went to the land in question for plucking groundnuts. The accused persons in furtherance of their common object of assaulting them came to the land in question with deadly weapons. They chased Devendrappa and assaulted him. They assaulted the deceased with sticks causing bleeding injuries. 'They were also abused. Allegedly in the scuffie that followed, accused no. I instigated accused no. 4 to stab Devendrappa and when an attempt was made in this behalf, bleeding injuries accidentally were caused to accused no. I. Devendrappa ran away from the said place. He was, however, caught near a place known Udachammana Gudi at lchangi. His hands were tied. He was wrongfully confined to the house. It is stated that the accused persons also threw stones at the deceased and her companions PWs. 26 to 28. One ofthem had hit the deceased. PWs. 25 to 28 being frightened, moved a little away from the scene leaving the deceased on the spot.

She was forcibly taken near the Bus stand of their village, tied to an electric pole and her garments were taken off. She was tied around her neck with her own saree. She was assaulted with sticks. She begged for water but the same was denied to her. The accused continued to assault her with sticks. She breathed her last at that spot. The first informant Devendrappa (PW-25) who was kept confined in his house allegedly had become unconscious. After regaining consciousness he came to know of the said. murder and lodged the First Information Report. 3. The post-mortem examination of the deceased was conducted by Dr. Mohantappa (PW-13). The dead body was received at the hospital for post mortem examination on or about 11. 30 P. M. in the night. The post-mortem examination was condu-:ted in the morning of 14. 12. 1994. PW 13 found the . , ~ following external injuries on the dead body :- "I.

Oblique ligature mark on the upper part of the neck, mark is interrupted, stating from right angle of the jaw and along the border ofthe mandible and to the left angle ofthe jaw, traversing to the nape of the neck, measuring about 14"2 x in length. Interrupted ligature mark along the lower border ofjaw from right to left side of the jaw 4 in No. measuring I" x Y:z" x Y:z xW xW x Y:z" x Y:z" respectively. Ligature mark on the middle of the nape J ofmeasuring Y:z" x 'h''. Ligature marks were reddish, dry, parchment like, ecchymosed margins. Both the hands were clinched. 2. There are 3 ligature marks on the right forearm about 3" away from the wrist, measuring 6" x V. ", 8" x V. , 8 Y:z" x1/4" respectively. 3. Ligature marks on the left fore arm two in No. measuring 5 Y:z" x V. ", 5" x V. " respectively. 4. There was fracture of left thigh bone lower I/3rd about 2" away from the knee joint. 5.

Contusion on left knee joint medial aspect measuring 3" x 2" Multiple contusions were found on the body. 6. Contusion on left infracbuicular region measuring 2" x 3". 7. Contusion abrasion on the right elbow posterior aspect measuring 2"x l". F\ I ,, ,, 8. Contusion on left knee front aspect measuring 5" x Y:z". '· 9. Two contusion on lateral and front of left thigh measuring 3 Y," x 3", 3" x 3" respectively. 10. Contusion on left buttick and posterior aspect of thigh measuring 6 Y," x 3", 3 V. " x 3" respectively, 2" x I". 11. Abrasion on left side of the ankle measuring Yz" x Y:z". 12. Contused abrasion of left lateral aspect of ankle measuring 2 Y:z" x I". ) 13. Contusion on lateral aspect of left leg upper part measuring 3 Y," x2". 14. Two contusions on right thigh measuring 2" x 2", 4 Yi" x l" respectively. [2007] 5S. C. R. -: • .. 15. Abrasion on the right thigh lateral aspect measuring 1 W' x W'. 16. Contusion on the right buttock measuring I . Y," x W'. 17.

There was no fracture of Hyoid bone, Thyroid cartilages or tracheal rings. 18. Multiples small abrasion on right side of buttock measuring Y," to 1" in length W' to Yi" in width. " 4. In the opinion of the autopsy surgeon, the injury No. I ligature mark can also be caused if saree piece is rolled and tied around the neck. It can also be caused by a rope. Injuries Nos. 2 and 3 can be caused if rope is tied to that part of the body. Injury 4 on the body of the deceased it was opined, could be caused by a hit with hard and blunt substance like stick. The other injuries namely contusion and abrasions can be caused by stick, and also with the fists and with kicks. The injuries around the neck were sufficient to cause the death. 5. Devendrappa was also examined by one Dr. Achut Kumar Vasant. He found the following injuries on his person : Sm x 3mm abrasion with 2 cm x 2 cm swelling on the back of the head in the occipital region.

The said injuries according to him could not be selfinflicted ones. 6. Before the learned Trial Judge, a large number of witnesses were examined on behalf of the prosecution. PWs. I to 8, 10, 11, 19, 20, 21 and 29 who were either eye witnesses or Panch witnesses turned hostile. PW. 9 Karveerapa Chenbasapa, however, proved the Panchnama which was marked Ext. p-14. The panchnama was drawn in respect of the spot where Ratnavva "38. It is no doubt true that except PWs. 25 to 28, all other eyewitnesses have turned hostile. But that by itself is no reason to discard the evidence of PWs. 25 to 28. On the other hand, it would show that no independent witness from the village is prepared to come forward to depose against the accused persons. If the other witnesses were not eyewitnesses to the incident, why should the Investigating Officer record their statement falsely if they have not stated so. Be that as it may be.

Merely because the other eyewitnesses examined by the ) prosecution have turned hostile and did not support the prosecution version for the reason best known to them, that by itself does not corrode vitality of the prosecution version particularly when the witnesses who have supported the prosecution version viz. PWs. 25 to 28 have withstood the incisive cross-examination and pointed out .. ;:_ the accused as the perpetrators of the crime. There is nothing unusual in a criminal trial that many a times independent witnesses who do not want to incur the wrath of the accused will tum hostile at the trial. _It is the tendency on the part of the persons to play safe by remaining neutral. " 22. The High Court has noticed and in our opinion rightly that although { ll the prosecution witnesses turned hostile, they made no whisper ab. out the incident having occurred in the manner as alleged by the appellants. It is of some significance that the injuries sustained by PW. 25 is not in dispute.

Why the evidence of the injured witnesses was not believed by the learned Trial Judge is beyond any comprehension. He was the brother of accused I and 2. He was also a party to the deed of sale. The High Court had assigned cogent and sufficient reasons in relying upon the evidence of PW. 25, particularly, when there are evidences on record to show that he had been assaulted with material objects. 23. Even if, the version of the respondent that accused no. I suffered injury at the hands of PW. 27 while he was firmly held by the deceased and PW. 26 is believed, the presence of PWs. 26 and 27 stands accepted. .. 24. We, therefore, are of the opinion that keeping in view the fact that PW. 26 is the sister of the deceased and PWs. 27 and 28 were her sons, their testimonies before the Court cannot be said to be wholly unreliable. [See Mano v. State ofTamil Nadu, JT (2007) 5 SC 143] We may also notice that as per evidence ofthe Investigating Officer, the accused no.

I when questioned, declined to tell him anything. If he was not at the place of occurrence at the time when the incident had taken place, it was expected that he would tell his side of the story including the manner in which he had suffered injuries to the Investigating Officer. There was absolutely no reason why he would suppress the fact from the Investigating Officer. This clearly goes to show that accused no. I made all attempts to conceal the circumstances under which he had sustained injuries on his person. If in the aforementioned situation the High Court has believed the prosecution story, we do not see any infirmity therein, particularly, when no complaint was made ir. that behalf by the p accused no. I or by anybody else in their behalf to the police. 25. Accused no. I has also not raised any plea of self-defence. Suggestions given to the prosecution witnesses are ·self-inconsistent and wholly contradictory to each other. They cannot go together. 26.

We have been taken through the depositions of PWs. 25 to 28. We agree with the inference arrived at by the High Court as regards credibility of their evidences before the court. There may be some contradictions in the depositions of the said witnesses but they are minor in nature. We cannot loose sight of the fact that they deposed in court about 3 Y:z years after the date of occurrence and, thus, minor variations from their earlier statements are but natural. RAMAPPA HALAPA PUJAR v. STATE OF KARNATAKA [S. B. SINHA, l) 847 ... --. 27. The High Court, thus, in our opinion, in a case of this nature cannot be said to have committed any error in reversing the judgment of acquittal by the learned Trial Judge. The jurisdiction ofthe High Court albeit is limited in this behalf, as would appear from some of the decisions of this Court but the High Court in our considered view did not exceed its jurisdiction. 28.

In the facts and circumstances of the case, it was not necessary for the witnesses to prove the actual role played by each of the appellants. 29. The High Court had given benefit of doubt to four of them. That by itseif is not decisive. Allegation of overt acts on the part of the appellant is evident. 30. Jn Munivel v. State of Tamil Nadu, [2006] 9 SCC 394, this Court . opined: "36. Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code provides for vicarious Iiabilicy. If an offence is committed by any member of an unlawful assembly in prosecution of a common object thereof or such as the members of that assembly knew that the offence to be likely to be committed in prosecution of that object, every person who at the time ofcommitting that offence was member would be guilty ofthe offence committed.

The common object may be commission of one offence while there may be likelihood of commission of yet another offence, the knowledge whereof is capable of being safely attributable to the members ofthe unlawful assembly. Whether a member ofsuch. unlawful assembly was aware as regard likelihood of commission of another offence or not would depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case. Background of the incident, the motive, the nature of the assembly, the nature of the arms carried by the members of the assembly, their common object and the behaviour of the members soon before, at or after the actual commission of the crime would be relevant factors for drawing an inference in that behalf. [See Rajendra Shantaram Todankar v. State of Maharashtra]. 31. In Mohinder Singh & Ors. v. State ofPunjab, [2006] 10 SCC 418, ) this Court opined :- "21.

The members of the unlawful assembly can be held liable under Section 149 IPC, if it is shown that they knew beforehand that the offence·actually committed was likely to be committed in prosecution of the common object. It is true that the common object does not require prior concert and a common meeting of mind before the attack. It can develop even on spot but the sharing of such an object by all the accused must be shown to be in existence at any time before the actual occurrence. " In Kallu alias Masih & Ors. v. State ofMP. , [2006] 10 SCC 313, this Court held :- "8. While deciding an appeal against acquittal, the power of the Appellate Court is no less than the power exercised while hearing appeals against conviction. In both types of appeals, the power exists to review the entire evidence.

However, one significant difference is that an order of acquittal will not be interfered with, by an appellate court, where the judgment of the trial court is based on evidence and the view taken is reasonable and plausible. It will not reverse the decision of the trial court merely because a different view is possible. The appellate court will also bear in mind that there is a presumption of innocence in favour of the accused and the accused is entitled to get the benefit of any doubt. Further if it decides to interfere, it should assign reasons for differing with the decision of the trial court. " 32. Reliance has been placed by Mr. Girish Ananthamurthy on a recent decision of this Court in Chandrappa & Ors. v. State ofKarnataka, (2007) 3 SCALE 90. Therein also it was held : "42.

From th~ above decisions, in our considered view, the following general principles regarding powers of appellate Court while dealing with an appeal against an order of acquittal emerge; (1) An appellate Court has full power to review, reappreciate and reconsider the evidence upon which the order of acquittal is founded; (2) The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 puts no limitation, restriction or condition on exercise of such power and an appellate Court on the evidence before it may reach its own conclusion, both on questions of fact and of law; I. (3) Various expressions, such as, 'substantial and compelling reasons', 'good and sufficient grounds', 'very strong circumstances'. , 'distorted conclusions', 'glaring mistakes', etc. are not intended to curtail extensive powers of an appellate Court in an appeal against acquittal. Such phraseologies are more in the nature of 'flourishes of language' to emphasize the reluctance ofan appellate C.

ourt to interfere with acquittal than to curtail the power of the Court to review the evidence and to come to its own conclusion. (4) An appellate Court, however, must bear in mind that in case of acquittal, there is double presumption in favour ofthe accused, Firstly, the presumption of innocence available to him under the fundamental principle ofcriminal jurisprudence that every person shall be presumed to be innocent unless he is proved guilty by a competent court of law. Secondly, the accused having secured his acquittal, the presumption of his innocence is further reinforced, reaffirmed and strengthened by the trial court. (5) If two reasonable conclusions are possible on the basis of the evidence on record, the appellate court should not disturb the finding of acquittal recorded by the trial court. " 33. For the aforesaid reasons, we do not find any infirmity in the judgment of the High Court. The appeal is accordingly dismissed. S. K. S. Appeal dismissed.