SADASHIO MUNDAJI BHALERAO v. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA

Citation: [2006] SUPP. 9 S.C.R. 733

Court: Supreme Court of India

Bench: G.P. MATHUR, A.K. MATHUR

Case summary

SADASHIO MUNDAJI BHALERAO v. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA.pdf

Judgment text

SADASHIO MUNDAJI BHALERAO v. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA NOVEMBER 28, 2006 [G. P. MATHUR AND A. K. MATHUR, JJ. ] . I) Penal Code, 1860: ss. 302 rlw ss.

34 and 201134-Custodial death-A person involved in a dacoity case stated to have been beaten to death by police-Prosecution of I 7 police officials of the police station-Deceased last seen in their custody-Acquittal by trial court-Conviction by High Court-Held, statements of witnesses cannot be accepted on their face-Keeping in view antecedents ofwitnesses and the manner in which they described the beating, inference ofcommission ofcrime by police officials cannot be drawn-Dead body found could not be established as that of victim-The view taken by trial court appears to be just and proper and on facts it was not proper for High Court to have reversed the finding-Order ofacquittal passed by trwl court restored-Evidence-Circumstantial evidence-Appeal against acquittal-Interference by appellate court-Scope of Seventeen police officials were prosecuted for offences punishable under Sections 302/34 and 201/34 JPC.

The prosecution case was that during the investigation ofa dacoity case, seven persons were arrested and brought to the police station. One of them was taken, with his hands tied, to the Detention Branch room for interrogation by some of the accused police officials, where he was allegedly administered beating as a result of which he died. Jn order to cover up this, the police registered a case under Section 224 IPC alleging that the said decoity-accused escaped from the police custody. Thereafter dead body was found in a decomposed condition which was cremated. The finger prints ofthe said dead body }'i'ete matched with that of the dacoity-accused and it was found that the finger prints matched. The trial court held that the prosecution failed to substantiate the allegation against the accused police personnel, and giving benefit of doubt, acquitted all of them. But the High Court reversed the order ofacquittal and convicted all ofthem ofthe offences charged.

Aggrieved, the accused-police officials filed the present appeal. It was contended for the appellants that all the eye-witnesses who were produced by the prosecution had criminal records and were inimically disposed against the appellants; and that there were discrepancies and several omissions in the depositions of the witnesses regarding as to where the beating took place and who were the police officials involved in the beating. On the other hand, it was contended for the State that, assuming some shortcomings in the testimony of the witnesses, the fact remained that the deceased was in police custody, the police did not account for him except by registering a case under Section 224 IPC and did not pursue the investigation further, and the theory of escape was nothing but a false story. ' Allowing the appeal, the Court HELD: 1. 1. The statements ofthe witnesses cannot be accepted on their face. It is true that the deceased was not found alive.

Keeping in view the fact that the investigation has been done by the police personnel against the police personnel and also keeping in view the previous antecedents ofthe prosecution witnesses and the way they have described the beating, it is very difficult to rope in all the 17 accused persons for commission of the crime. In fact, the police should have properly scrutinized the evidence and pinpointed the person who was responsible for beating. But unfortunately, they have not taken enough care to produce material evidence' in this regard. [743-D, E) 1. 2. The Court is conscious that there is rise in incidents of custodial deaths but cannot completely de hors the evidence and its admissibility according to law to convict the accused. The Court cannot act merely on a strong suspicion or assumption and presumption.

It can draw only presumption which is permissible under the law and cannot rush to the conclusion just because the deceased has died in the police custody without there being any proper link with the commission of the crime. As regards the presumption of the guilt of the accused, the strongest circum~tance which stands against the appellants is that the deceased was last seen in the custody of the police, but inference of commission of crime with reference to this type of presumption, is perverse. It is true that the accused involved are police personnel but,the Court cannot stand to condemn the whole police-station just on the basis of only this circumstance. (743-G-H; 744-A-B) A. E. G. Carapietv. A. Y. Derderian, AIR (1961) Cal. 359; State ofMP. v. Shyamsunder Trivedi & Ors. , [1995) 4 SCC 262; Sahadevan alias Sagadevan v. State represented by Inspector ofPolice, Chennai, (2003] 1 SCC 534; Mani SADASHJOMUNDAJI BHALERAOv. STATEOFMAHARASHTRA 735 Kumar Thapa v.

State ofSikkim, (20021 7 SCC 157 and Devender Kumar Sing/av. Ba/dev Krishan Sing/a, (2005) 9 SCC 15, cited. 2. 1. Apart from this direct shaky evidence, it is very difficult to accept the evidence to connect the dead body with that ofthe deceased which came to light after two years i. e. 1989. An attempt was made to connect the body with that of the deceased, by examining P. W. 22 who took the finger prints of the body. Though he admitted that the prints were not visible, these finger prints were sought to be corroborated with the receipt ofan alleged sale ofa cow by the deceased, which was produced by the brother of the deceased, and is said to have contained the finger prints of the deceased. For this, the prosecution has also led evidence of P. W. 10, the scribe of the receipt and P. W. 11. Both the witnesses turned hostile. Consequently, it is very doubtful how could the receipt given to the purchaser be with the seller i. e. the deceased. {744-C, DJ 2. 2.

Besides, that fact that the thumb impression on the receipt was of deceased has not been proved, as P. W. 10 turned hostile. Since P. W. 10 has denied that the thumb impression ofdeceased was taken in his presence and . D . since the receipt produced by the'prosecution bearing the thumb impression of deceased is not proved, therefore, the comparison of the finger prints of the deceased with the thumb impression of the body is of no consequence. More so, the brother of the deceased, and his wife have also declined to identify the dead body. Therefore, under these circumstances, the prosecution has failed to establish that the dead body was that of the deceased. As such, this circumstantial evidence is also not of worth that it can connect the accused persons with the commission of the crime. [744-F-H; 745-A-B] 3. 1. Therefore, the view taken by the Division Bench of the High Court in reversing the judgment ofthe trial court does not appear to be well founded.

The reasons given by the High Court are not cogent and do not appeal to the reason so as to justify the conviction of the appellants. Normally, the appellate court is very slow in interfering with the order of acquittal unless there are compelling circumstances to do so. After going through the judgment of the trial court, the view taken by it appears to be just and proper in the given facts and circumstances of the case. The impugned judgment of the High Court is set aside and that of the trial court is affirmed and all accusedappellants are acquitted of all the charges. (745-D-EJ CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION :Criminal Appeal No. 478 of 2005. From the Judgment and Order dated I7-1-2005 of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Nagpur Bench, Nagpur in Criminal Appeal No. 242 of 1996. Uday Umesh Lalit, R. Sundaravardhan, A. K. Sanghi, Aditya Kumar, Shivaji M. Jadhav, Himarrshu Gupta, Brij Kishor Sah and Rahul Joshi for the Appellant. Shekhar Naphade, S. S.

Shinde, Chinmoy Khaladker, V. N. Raghupathy and Aniruddha P. Mayee for the Respondent. The Judgment of the court was delivered by A. K. MATHUR, J. These appeals are directed against the order dated 17. 1. 2005 passed by the Division Bench ofthe Bombay High Court at Nagpur Bench in Criminal Appeal No. 242 of I996 whereby the Division Bench has reversed the acquittal ofall the accused- appellants and convicted them under Sections 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code (for short, 'IPC') and sentenced them to suffer life imprisonment. The Division Bench also directed payment of fine of Rs. 30,000/- each by original accused Nos. 1,2 & 3; Rs. I5,000/- by original accused No. 6; Rs. I0,000/- each by original accused Nos. 10, I I, 13, 15, 16 & 17. In default of payment of fine, they were also directed to undergo rigqrous imprisonment for five years. So far as the offence under section 201 read with 34, IPC was concerned, the original accused Nos.

l,2,3,6,10,l l,13,15,16 & 17 were sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for five years. Original accused Nos. I to 3 were directed to pay a fine of Rs. I0,000/-each; accused No. 6 to pay fine of Rs. 5,000/- and accused Nos. 10,ll,13,15,16 & 17 were directed to pay a fine ofRs. 2,500/- each. In default of payment of fine, they were to suffer further rigorous imprisonment for two years. The substantive sentences under section 302 read with 34, I. P. C. and under section 201 read with section 34, I. P. C. were directed to run concurrently. Hence, the present appeals by the accused-appellants. This is one of the unfortunate case where the deceased has died in the police custody. We are conscious that such incidents of su~pect dying in the police custody has lately increased. This is an unfortunate scenario.

But nonetheless we have to examine the matter objectively though keeping in mind the fact that the accused involved in all these appeals are nobody else that the Police officers and the investigation was being undertaken by their colleagues only. Therefore, w_e have to examine all the aspects objectively keeping in mind the fact that the accused involved in the present appeals are SADASHIOMUNDAJI BHALE~Ov. STATEOFMAHARASHTRA[A. K. MATHUR,J. ] 737 nobody else but the colleagues of another investigating agency. Brief facts giving rise to filing of the present appeals are that the deceased Dilip along with other suspects were involved in a dacoity case which took place in the village Takarheda within the jurisdiction of Policestation, Arvi. One Namdeo Tulshiram Taywade, filed a complaint to this effect that the alleged dacoity has taken place in his house in which the inmates of the house were injured and certain ornaments had been taken away from his house.

On the basis of this report, a case was registered on 24. 10. 1987 against unknown persons under sections 395, 397 & 398, IPC vide Crime No. 254 of 1987. The investigation ofthe case was taken over by P. I. Bhadikarthe accused appellant. During the course of investigation, on 5. 11. 1987 the police arrested seven persons namely (l) Bastam Devidas Pawar, (2) Comrade Bhimrao Pawar, (3) Dilip Khusmya Ghosale, (4) Chaubharat Ramchandra Ghosale, (5) Partya Khusmya Ghosale, (6) Navbharat Ramachandra Ghosale and (7) Gangacharan Sukhadeo Pawar. The police arrested these persons and . sought for judicial remand from the Judicial Magistrate for the purpose of investigation. The police was granted custody remand for seven days for the purpose of recovery ofweapons ofoffence as well as stolen property. Till this · time there was no complain of any ill-treatment of the accused. After taking remand from the Magistrate, the accused persons brought them to the Policestation.

On the night intervening between 5. l l. l 987 and 6. l l . 1987 when all the accused above mentioned were in police custody on remand by the Magistrate, the police was interrogating all the accused at the Police-station, Arvi. Dilip Khusmya Ghosale (hereinafter to be referred to as 'Dilip') who was one ofthe Suspects in the aforesaid crime was taken up from the police lock up to Detection Branch room for interrogation by some of the accused-appellants and it is alleged that his hands were tied down and he was administered beating by kicks and fist blows and during this interrogation, Dilip died in the Detection Branch centre. It is alleged that though Dilip died on account of beating , but in order to cover up this fact, the police registered a case under section 224, IPC on 6. 11. 1987 at 2. 15 O' clock that the accused- Dilip has escaped from the police custody and thereafter wireless message was sent all over the State describing the general features of the accused-Dilip.

It is alleged by the prosecution that a dead body was found lying in Adilabad, Andhra Pradesh and the post-mortem was conducted on the dead body by the P. S. Adilabad. The dead body was in a decomposed condition and it was cremated. During the course of investigation this fact came to the light. It was alleged that this dead body was that of deceased-Dilip and his finger prints were taken and it was sought to be matched with the finger prints on one receipt of purchase of a cow and it was sought to be connected with that of the deceased so as to establish that this was the dead body of deceased Dilip who was taken away by the police jeep and the same was disposed of at Adilabad in A. P. by the accused persons. It appears that for some time nothing happened but some public spirited persons got a scent of it that some accused has died in police custody. Therefore, one Dr.

Shyam Sundr Bhutada approached the concerned Superintendent of Police and informed him that it was a rumour in the town that one Dilip has died in the police custody. Thereafter, he lodged a written complaint in the police-station and this report was taken up by the In-charge of the Police-station. Accused No. 2- Bhadikar registered the offence under section 302 read with 34, I. P. C. vide crime No. 263/87. Accused appellant No. I took up the investigation. It appears that after some time the higher-ups in the Department came to know about this fact and therefore, this case was taken up by the C. l. D. , Crime and it was entrusted to P. W. ,28, Deputy Superintendent ofPolice- Bhagwangir Goswami on 24. 12. 1987. Thereafter, the investigation was taken up by Shri Goswami who recorded the statement of all the co-accused who were held up in that dacoity case along with deceased Dilip and after completion of necessary investigation all the 17 accused persons including one D. S. P.

, incharge of the Police-station were charged under sections 302, 201 read with Section 34, IPC. The case was committed to the court ofsession. The prosecution examined a large number ofwitnesses in order to substantiate the allegation that accused- Dilip died in the police custody. Learned Second Additional Sessions Judge after recording necessary evidence came to the conclusion that the prosecution has failed to substantiate the allegation against the accused police personnel and gave the benefit of doubt to all the accused persons and acquitted all of them. Aggrieved against the order of acquittal passed by learned Second Additional Sessions Judge dated 30. 4. 1996, the State preferred an appeal before the High Court against all the accused persons. The Division Bench of the High Court, Bombay; Bench at Nagpur reviewed the whole evidence on record and reversed the order of acquittal of all the accused persons and convicted them as aforesaid by its order dated 17. 1. 2005.

Hence, the present appeals by the accusedappellants. We have heard learned counsel for the parties and have perused the records. It is an admitted fact that the deceased was arrested in a dacoity case SADASHIOMUNDAJI BHALERAOv. STATEOFMAHARASHTRA[A. K. MATHUR, J. ] 739 along with other persons and he was in the police custody. The case of the prosecution was that he was taken for interrogation in the interrogation room on the relevant date and he expired and in order to substantiate the allegation, the prosecution produced some of the . witnesses who were already in the custody along with accused- Dilip, namely; P. Ws. 2,3,4 & 5. These witnesses alleged that deceased Dilip was detained along with them and Dilip was being taken with his hands tied for interrogation and he was administered beating and he shouted for sometime but after some time no shouting was heard and thereafter the deceased died.

The police prepared a defence that the accused escaped from the Police-station and therefore, registered a case being crime No. 624/87 under Section 224, IPC on 6. 11. 1987. The first part ofthe evidence has to be closely examined whether the testimony of these witnesses is to be accepted and to what extent ? P. W. 2 was an accused who was being prosecuted under Sections 302 & 307, IPC. He was also arrested along with th~ deceased Dilip and another accused detained in the police custody. Other accused were also there with him i. e. Babarao Neware and Sadashiv Uike involved in some other crime. He deposed that there is a police lock up which is separate from the Magistrate lock up. The distance between the two is qo feet. He stated that one Paradhi boy was brought out of the Police-station and the accused persons were beating him with sticks, fist and kicks. They were assaulting the boy in front of the temple of the Police-station.

He deposed that there are three windows in the room and that he heard the shrieks, therefore he woke up and noticed the incident through that window and he found that as a result of beating the paradhi boy i. e. the deceased Dilip became unconscious. He further stated that some water was brought and sprinkled on the face ofthe deceased. Then some of the accused persons told that the deceased was knowingly pretending to be unconscious and therefore, they further subjected him to beating. Then the deceased boy did not regain his consciousness and a police jeep was called and he was taken with handcuffed. This witness has an outstanding criminal records i. e. 35-36 criminal cases are pending against him. He has also stated that he could not say as to how the blows landed on what part of the body as it was dark and he was at some distance.

He also denied some suggestions made to him that he has not deposed that accused Kishore was asked to bring water and he has also deposed that the police jeep returned back in the Police-station at about 10 A. M. A suggestion was also given to hi'll that since he has been implicated in number of cases by the Arvi Police therefore, out of vengeance he is deposing against the police. He went to the extent of implicating the DSP, Incharge of th_e Police-station. He also admitted that he has not deposed before the Police but for the first time he is deposing in the Court. P. W. 3- Babarao Naware, another witness who was also there in the police lock up along with the deceased. He deposed that he knew accused Nos. 1,2,3, 7,9,J I, 13 and 16 and he admitted that he along with deceased Dilip were held up in a dacoity case. He also deposed that the accused No.

2 along with other members of the Staff of police administered beating to the deceased and he went to the extent of implicating Deputy Superintendent of Police. He stated that he saw the whole incident through the window· of the lock up and he noticed the incident from IO to 15 feet. He also deposed that it was about 2. 30 A. M. , the police jeep took the dead body of the deceased Dilip and returned at about 7 to 8 A. M. This witness has also deposed that he has 31 criminal cases pending against him. He also admitted that one Deputy Superintendent of Police, Mr. Sharma met him but he did not state anything to him about this incident. According to him, the incident of beating continued for about three hours.

He did not make a complain about this incident before the lock up guards nor did he tell them about this incident of kicks and blows being administered on the deceased during investigation but for the first time he deposed in the court, he made a lot of improvement in his testimony, du. ring the trial. P. W. 4, who was also held up in a dacoity case, has admitted that he was arrested along with other accused persons. He also deposed that he heard the screaming of Dilip in the night at about 12 to 2 A. M. Thereafter, it is alleged that the deceased Dilip was not brought back alive in the Policestation. He also made a lot of improvements in his testimony like that he involved Deputy Superintendent of Police, Wardha who is one ofthe assailants and according to him, accused Kishore assaulted. P. W. 5 was also arrested along with the deceased Dilip. He only deposed that the police took accused Dilip handcuffed from the room and he heard the shout of Dilip of beating.

After some time the beating stopped and Dilip was not brought back to the room. P. W. 5 did not state who did the beating. Though he was called to identify the dead body of Dilip but he deposed that he failed to identify the dead body of the deceased Dilip. He was the brother of deceased Dilip. He was shown the photograph ofthe dead body ofthe deceased Dilip at Adilabad Police-station but he failed to identify the dead body. He also deposed that Dilip had sold his cow to Baraku Wadi ( carpenter) and a receipt was executed to that effect. He has deposed that this receipt was given by him to the Police. He has categorically denied that the body which was shown to him was that ofDilip. This receipt is alleged to have been received by him from his mother. This is the total eye witnesses produced by the prosecution to substantiate the allegation against the accused. After appreciating the evidence the trial court disbelieved all these witnesses.

Apart from this evidence, circumstantial evidence was also sought to be pressed into service that the dead body SADASHIO MUNDAJI BHALERAO"· STATEOFMAHARASHTRA[AK. MATHURJ] 741 which was seized by the Adilabad Police-station was that of the deceased- Dilip. For this the prosecution has led the evidence of some of the witnesses like P. Ws. 7, 20 and 21 to substantiate that the dead body of the deceased was seized by the Police at Adilabad (A. P. ). P. W. 5 produced a sale receipt of cow. from another person to whom the deceased Dilip had sold his cow, which bears his thumb impression. The finger prints which were taken by the Police before disposal of the dead body by the Police at Adilabad Police-station was sought to be matched with the thumb impression of the deceased Dilip by producing handwriting expert, P. W. 23 that the thumb impression was that of the deceased. But unfortunately, P. Ws. 7, 20, 21, 9 & 10 all have been declared hostile. P. Ws.

7, 20 & 21 were produced to substantiate that the dead body of the deceased was taken in a jeep and P. Ws. 9 & 10 were produced to show that the receipt which was scribed by P. W. 10 which bears the thumb impression of the deceased and the same was sought to be connected with the finger prints which were taken from lhe dl! ad body by spoon method but this circumstantial evidence has also not been accepted by the trial court. This is the total evidence which had been sought to be pressed by the prosecution to substantiate the guilt of the accused. Learned counsel for the accused-appellants has seriously contested and submitted that all the eye witnesses who have been produced by the prosecution have criminal records and secondly, they are also inimically disposed against the accused. It was also pointed out that the incident is said ,.

to have taken place in the dead of the night and it is very difficult for these witnesses to have seen the incident of beating by the accused persons to the deceased Dilip. It was pointed out that firstly no evidence had been led to show what was the height of the window from where these eye witnesses could see the beating to the deceased. Some witnesses state that some accused persons took the deceased by handcuffing with the rope in the D. B. room where they heard the shouting. But some said beating took place in open place near the temple. It was pointed out that there was no unanimity among the prosecution witnesses that who beat the deceased and how; whether all the 17 accused persons who were charged were all involved in beating to the deceased or some ofthem were involved in beating. Therefore, learned counsel has submitted that this kind of omissions in evidence cannot . be accepted for convicting all the 17 accused of the P. S. , Arvi, though the .

, High Court has wrongly accepted their testimony on the face of it. Learned senior counsel for the State, Shri Shekhar Naphade has faii:ly submitted that there are shortcomings in the testimony of these witnesses. But he has submitted that the fact remains that the deceased was in the custody of the police and the police has not accounted for him except by registering a case under Section 224, IPC and did not pursue the investigation further. He has also pointed out that the theory of escape is nothing but a fake make believe story by the accused and they abandoned that by closing the case on 29. 4. 1989 because they were aware of the fact that the deceased has not escaped but he has been the victim of their beating. Learned counsel for the State has emphasized that the investigation has also been done by the Police personnel i. e. by the C. I. D. and all the. accused who are the eye witnesses are practically won over because their dacoity case was also closed on 24. 10. 1988.

Therefore, their testimony has also to be closely scrutinized keeping in view the fact that they also stand to gain by siding towards the accused on the ·closure of the dacoity case. Learned counsel has also emphasized if the accused had pursued the theory of escape the case under section 224, IPC would not have been closed, Secondly they could have cross-examined the witnesses in that light but no such cross-examination has been done by the accused. Therefore, this theory of escape of the deceased Dilip is nothing but a false theory. It is only with a view to create an evidence and to find an escape route for the accused persons. Learned counsel in support ofthis has invited our attention to a decision of the Calcutta High Court in A. E. G. Carapiet v. A. YDerderian, AIR (1961) Cal. 359 wherein it had been held that the parties should put their case in cross-examination of the witnesses.

It was also held that this is the rule of one of the essential justice and not merely technical one. Learned counsel further invited our attention to a decision of this Court in State ofMP. v. Shyamsunder Trivedi & Ors. , [1995] 4 SCC 262 wherein it has been held that in a case of custodial death or police torture, generally ocular or other direct evidence is not available and the police officials alone can explain the circumstances in which a person in their custody died. Exaggerated adherence to and insistence upon establishment of proof beyond every reasonable doubt was improper and the Court must adopt a realistic ·rather than a narrow technical approach. Learned counsel submitted that the deceased was last seen in the. custody of the Police and he is not found alive. Therefore, this circumstance should alone be sufficient to hold the accused guilty. Learned counsel has also invited our attention to a decision of this Court in Sahadevan alias Sagadevan v.

State represented by Inspector ofPolice, Chennai, (2003] I SCC 534 and submitted that last seen is a very important circumstance and . · if a person is last seen in the company of the accused and was never . seen .. thereafter: it is oblig~toi:y on the accused to explain the circumstances in SADASHIO MUNDAJI BHALERAOv. STATEOF MAHARASHTRA [A. K. MATHUR,J. ] 743 which the missing person and the accused parted company. It was also held that false explanation can be taken as a circumstance against the accused. Learned counsel also invited our attention to a decision of this Court in Mani Kumar Thapa v. State ofSikkim, [2002] 7 SCC 157. ln that case their Lordships held that in case of custodial death, failure of the accused in explaining the inculpating circumstance could form an additional link in the chain of circumstances. Learned counsel also invited our attention to a decision ofthis Court in Devender Kumar Sing/av. Baldev Krishan Sing/a, [2005] 9 SCC 15.

This was a case of cheating. In this case it was held that the statement under Section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure is not evidence. It is only a stand of the accused o~ his part of story. It was pointed out that in the absence of evidence, statement cannot be used to make up absence of any suggestion during cross-examination. Now, a review of the ocular evidence produced by the prosecution keeping in view the submission made by learned counsel for the parties, we are of opinion that the statements of the witnesses cannot be accepted on their face. It is true that the deceased was not found alive but his dead body was found within the jurisdiction of Police-station, Adilabad in Andhra Pradesh.

Keeping in view that the investigation has been done by the police personnel against the police personnel and also keeping in view the previous antecedents of the prosecution witnesses and the way they have described the beating, it is very difficult to rope in all the 17 accused persons for commission of the crime. In fact, the Police should have properly scrutinized the evidence and they could have pinpointed the person who was responsible for beating. But unfortunately, the police has not taken enough care to produce material evidence and pinpoint the person who was alleged to have been involved in beating the deceased. It is true that the deceased was last seen in the custody of the Police and thereafter he. was not found alive. Though the police has made an attempt to cover up the story by registering a case under section 224, I. P. C. but that was closed shortly thereafter.

Therefore, in this background to draw inference from these circumstances, the guilt of the accused is very difficult. We are conscious that there is rise in incidents of custodial deaths but we cannot completely de hors the evidence and its admissibility according to law to convict accused. We cannot act on presumption merely on a strong suspicion or assumption and presumption. We can draw only presumption which is permissible under the law and we cannot rush to the conclusion just because the deceased has died in the police custody without there being any proper link with the commission of the crime. Learned senior counsel for the State, Mr. Shekhar Naphade very fairly submitted that despite the strong loopholes in the prosecution case the strongest circumstance which stand against the appellants is that the deceased was in the custody of the police and that he was last seen alive in the custody of the Police. Thereafter, he was not seen alive.

Therefore, presumption should be drawn of the guilt of the accused. Commission of crime with reference to this type of presumption is perverse. It is true that the accused involved are police personnel but we cannot stand to condemn the whole police-station juston the basis of only circumstantial evidence of the deceased last seen in the custody of the police and thereafter he was not reported alive. Apart from this direct shaky evidence, it is very difficult to accept the evidence to connect the dead body with that of the deceased Dilip which came to the light after two years i. e. 1989. An attempt was made to connect the body of the deceased with that of Dilip, the prosecution led evidence of P. W. 22 who took the finger prints of the deceased body. P. W. 22 took the finger prints ofthe deceased on I0. 11. 1987 though he admitted that the prints were not visible -and these finger prints were sought to be corroborated with the receipt which was produced by P. W.

5 which also bears the finger print of the deceased Dilip. For this the prosecution has also led evidence of P. W. 10, the scribe of the receipt and P. W. 11. Both the witnesses turned hostile. Consequently, it is very doubtful how could the receipt given to the purchaser was with the seller i. e. Dilip which was scribed by P. W. I0 and it was said to be in possession of P. W. 5, the brother of the deceased and the explanation was that his mother gave it to him. The thumb impression of Dilip in the said receipt was sought to be connected with the finger prints of the deceased taken by P. W. 22. P. W. 22 obtained the same with spoon method of right hand thumb impression and left hand thumb impression. ofthe deceased which was in highly decomposed condition, dermis and epidermis of fingers were not fouild. Firstly the thumb impression on the receipt was of Dilip has not been proved as P. W. 10 turned hostile.

However, the prosecution tried to connect the body of the deceased by leading evidence of handwriting expert, P. W. 23. P. W. 22 was produced by the prosecution to show that he ha_s taken the finger prints of the deceased through spoon method and that finger prints had been produced by the prosecution and P. W. 23, the handwriting expert has been examined. P. W. 23 has of course deposed that he has sent his report and as per his finding the thumb impression on the receipt and that of the dead body taken by P. W. 21 are of the same person. But the question is whether the finger prints obtained on the receipt on sale of a cow by the deceased Dilip bears the thumb impression of Dilip or not. Since P. W. IO has denied that the thumb impression ofDilip was taken in his presence and since -- SADASHIOMUNDAJI BHALERAOv. STATEOF MAHARASHTRA[A. K. MATHUR,J.

] 745 the receipt produced by the prosecution bearing the thumb impression of deceased Dilip is not proved, therefore, the comparison of the finger prints of the deceased with that of the thumb impression is of no consequence. More so, the brother of the deceased, Paratya and his wife- Shobha have also declined to identify the dead body. Therefore, under these circumstances, the prosecution has failed to establish that the dead body was that of the deceased, Dilip. As such, this circumstantial evidence is also not of worth that it can connect the accused persons with the commission of the r. rime. As a result of our above discussion we are of opinion that the view taken by the Division Bench of the High Court in reversing the judgmeat of Second Additional Sessions Judge, does not appear to be well founded. Normally, the appellate court is very slow in interfering with the order of acquittal unless there are compelling circumstances to do so.

After going through the judgment of the trial court, we are of opinion that the view taken by the trial court appears to be just and proper in the given facts and circumstances of the case and it was not proper for the Division Bench of the High Court to reverse the finding. We are satisfied that the reasons given by the High Court in reversing the order of acquittal of the accused persons are not cogent and does not appeal to the reason so as to justify the conviction ofthe appellants. Hence, we allow the appeals filed by the appellants and set aside the impugned judgment of the High Court and affirm the judgment ofthe trial court and acquit all accused- appellants from the charges. The appellants shall be released forthwith ifthey are not required in any other case. RP. Appeal allowed.