SUSHIL KUMAR SABHARWAL v. GURPREET SINGH AND ORS

Citation: [2002] 3 S.C.R. 352

Court: Supreme Court of India

Bench: R.C. LAHOTI, B.N. AGRAWAL

Judgment text

SUSHIL KUMAR SABHARWAL v. GU RPREET SINGH AND ORS. APRIL 23, 2002 [R. C. LAHOTI AND B. N. AGRAWAL, JJ.

] Code ofCivil Procedure, 1908: Order 9, Rule 13, second proviso-Suit for recovery ofarrears ofrent andfor eviction oftenant-Ex-Parte decree-Application for setting aside exparte decree-Tenant stating on oath that no summons was tendered to him- Process server stating that he tendered summons to-tenant a day prior to date ofhearing but latter refused to accept the same-Held, it is a case of oath against oath-Oath oftenant was more weighty than that ofprocess server- Besides, procedure ofservice as laid down in Order 5, Rules 17 and 18 not followed-It is not a case ofmere irregularity in service ofsummons, but a case of non-service of summons-Landlord's contention that tenant had knowledge ofthe proceedings is ofno avial-Jt is the knowledge ofthe 'date ofhearing' and not the knowledge of 'pendency ofsuit' which is relevantfor purpose of the second provso to Order 9, Rule 13-As summons was not served on tenant, he did not have opportunity of appearing in court and contesting the suit-Trial court and High Court erred in law, resulting in failure ofjustice, by refusing to set aside the ex-parte decree-Ex-parte decree set aside-Trial court to proceed with the hearing ofthe suit in accordance with law.

Order 9, Rule 6-Suit-Ex-parte hearing-Held, the provision casts an obligation on the court and simultaneously invokes a call to the conscience of the court to feel satisfied in the sense ofbeing 'proved' that the summons was duly served when and when alone, the court is conferred with a discretion to make an order that the suit be heard ex-parte-The date appointedfor hearing in the suitfor which the defendant is summoned to appear is a significant date ofhearing requiring a conscious application ofmind on the part ofthe court to satisfy itselfon the service ofsummons-Any default or casual approach on the part ofthe court may result in depriving a person ofhis valuable right to participate in the hearing and may result in a defendant suffering an ex-parte decree or proceedings in the suit wherein he was deprived ofhearing for no • - .

a· outer door of some other conspicuous part of the house in which the • defendant ordinarily reside or carries on business or personally works for gain, and shall then return the original to the Court from which it was issued, with a report endorsed thereon or annexed thereto stating that he has so affixed the copy, the circumstances under which he did. so, and the name and address of the person (if any) by whom the house was identified and in whose presence the copy was affixed. ~ ..... 18. Endorsement of time and manner of service. -The serving officer shall, in all cases in which the summons has been served under Rule 16, endorse or annex, or cause to be endorsed or annexed, on or to the original summons, a return stating the time when and the manner in which the summons was served, and the name and address of the person (if any) identifying the person served and witnessing the delivery or tender of the summons.

We find several infirmities and lapses on the part ofthe process server. Firstly, on the alleged refusal by the defendant either he did not affix a copy of the summons and the plaint on the wall ofthe shop or if he claims to have done so, then the endorsement made by him on the back of the summons • does not support him, rather contradicts him. Secondly, the tendering of the summons, its refusal and affixation of the summons and copy of the plaint on the wall should have been witnessed by persons who identified the defendant and his shop and witnessed such procedure. The endorsement shows .. that there were no witnesses available on the spot. The correctness of such endorsement is difficult to believe even prima facie. The tenant runs a shoe shop in the suit premises. Apparently, the shop will be situated in a locality where there are other shops and houses. One can understand refusal by ..

unwilling persons requested by the process wherever to witness the proceedings and be a party to the procedure of the service of summons but to say that there were no witnesses available on the spot is a statement which can be accepted only with a pinch of salt. Incidently, we may state that though the date of appearance was 23rd February, 1993 the summons is said to have been tendered on 22ncl February, 1993, i. e. , just a day before the date of hearing. The appellant has himself appeared in the witness box and deposed on oath that no summons was tendered to him by any process server of the Court. It is a case of oath against oath. In view of the facts which we have noticed here-in-above clearly the oath of the appellant was more weighty than the oath of the process server. In the ordinary course ofevents, the court offacts should have discarded the statement ofthe process server and believed the statement of the appellant.

The learned counsel for the landlord-respondent submitted that there is an interpleader suit filed by the appellant because there was a dispute between the heirs of the original landlord who unfortunately died and his widow and the grandsons (who are the respondents herein), each of the two was claiming itself to be the landlord and entitled to recover rent setting up a will in its favour. The appellant has admitted in the plaint therein that he was aware of the pendency of the suit filed by the respondent in the court of the Rent Controller, Amritsar. In fact, this admission of the appellant has weighed heavily with the High Court which has opined that even if the summons was not duly served, the appellant was aware of the pendency of the suit and, therefore, the application under Order 9, Rule 13 C. P. C. did not have any merit. The High Court has over looked the second proviso to Rule 13 of Order 9 C. P. C.

, added by the 1976 Amendment which provides that no court shall set aside a decree passed ex-parte merely on the ground that there has been an irregularity in the service of summons if it is satisfied that the • defendant had notice of the date of hearing and had sufficient time to appear and answer the plaintiffs claim. It is the knowledge of the 'date of hearing' and not the knowledge of 'pendency of suit' which is relevant for the purpose of the proviso above said. Then the present one is not a case of mere irregularity in service of summons; on the facts is a case of non-service of summons. The appellant has appeared in the witness box and we have carefully perused his statement. There is no cross-examination directed towards discrediting the testimony on oath ofthe appellant, that is, to draw an inference that the appellant had in any manner a notice of the date of hearing and had .. sufficient time to appear and answer the plaintiffs claim which he did not avail and utilise.

The provision contained in Order 9 . Rule 6 of the C. P. C. is pertinent It contemplates three situations when on a date fixed for hearing the plaintiff appears and the defendant does not appear and three courses to be followed by the Court depending on the given situation. The three situations are: {i) when summons duly served, (ii) when summons not duly served, and (iii) when summons served but not in due time. In the first situation, which is relevant here, when it is proved that the summons was duly served, the Court may make an order that the suit be heard ex-parte. The provision casts an obligations on the Court and simultaneously invokes a call to the conscience of the Court to feel satisfied in the sense of being 'proved' that the summons was duly served when and when alone, the Court is conferred with a discretion to make an order that the suit be heard ex-parte.

The date appointed for hearing in the suit for which the defendant is summoned to appear is significant date of hearing requiring a conscious application of mind on the part of the Court to satisfy jtself on the service of summons. A11y default or casual approach on the part of the Court may result in depriving a person of his valuable right to participate in the hearing and may result in a defendant suffering an ex-parte decree or proceedings in the suit. wherein he was deprived of hearing for no fault of his. If only the Trial Court would have been conscious of its obligation cast on it by Order 9 Rule 6 ofthe C. P. C. , the case would not have proceeded ex-parte against the defendant-appellant and a wasteful period of over eight years would not have been added to the life of this litigation. Be that as it may, we are satisfied that the summons was not served on the defendant-appellant. He did not have an opportunity of appearing in the Trial Court and contesting the suit on merits.

The Trial Court and the High Court have committed a serious error of law resulting in failure ofjustice by ~ refusing to set aside the ex-parte decree. Jt ~' The appeal is allowed. The orders of the Trial Court and the High Court are set aside. The application under Order 9, Rule 13 C. P. C. filed by the defendant-appellant is allowed. The ex-parte decree dated 9. 10. 1993 is set aside. The proceedings of the Trial Court shall stand relegated back to 23. 2. 1993. The parties through their respective learned coun_sel are directed to appear before the Trial Court on 5. 8. 2002, on which date, the Trial Court .... shall appoint a date of hearing and proceed ahead with the hearing ofthe suit ~ in accordance with law. No costs. Let the record of the Trial Court be ,. , transmitted back at the earliest accompanied by a copy of this Order. R. P. Appeal allowed. -·..