TOLARAM BIJOY KUMAR v. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, ASSAM
Citation: [1978] 2 S.C.R. 834; 1978 INSC 28
Court: Supreme Court of India
Bench: M. HAMEEDULLAH BEG , P.N. BHAGWATI, V.D. TULZAPURKAR
Judgment date:
Case summary
1978 INSC 28. Supreme Court of India judgment dated 1978-02-14. TOLARAM BIJOY KUMAR v. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, ASSAM. Read the judgment and case details...
Judgment text
836 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 2 S·C·R· TOLARAM BIJOY KUMAR v. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, ASSAM February 14, 1978 [M . H. BEG, C. J. , P. N. BHAGWATJ & V. D. TULZAPURKAR, JJ . ] Hindu Undivided Fam ily business, Partition of- Nawre & character of the share of tli e property of a coparce11er after, parti1io11-Wlre1her assessab{e as individual properly or as H. U. F. -lncome Tax Act . 1922. Th e income fr om the business of Nathmal Tolar am carried on by Narmal was assess ed as H indu Undivided F amily im :ome till 1950. Aft er the death of Narmal in 1945, th e bu siness was partitioned w. d . 6 th April 19 49 and b y a deed o f partnership executed on 7th April 1949, the business carried on at two places, D h ub ri and Gauripore , was converted by h is three sons Sri nivas, Nathmal & Tolaram, into a partnership business. Jn this de ed, it was admitted that th«i business had been carried on pre vious to the partition as Hindu Undivided Fa mily business.
On an application u / s 25A of t he Incom e Tax Act , 1922 the sa id partition was . recorded and registered in the fil es of the tax authority on 17th August 1954. On 28-3-1 95 9, the firm of. M /s. N at hm al Tol ar am was dissolved and a new firm Nat hm al T olara m ( Petrol D epot) ca me into existence. Jn the assessment year 1959-60, Tol a ram claimed that his share in this partnership bu siness should be assessed s epa rately as his indi vidual income. Hi s claim was rejected by the Income Tax Offi cer, b ut wa~ accepted in app ea l. However . >--a simil ar claim for the relevant assessment year 1960-61, to separate assess ment of income derived fro m . the pa rtnership business in petrol amounting to Rs. 21,746 / -, , -,·as rejected by the Inco me Ta x Officer. On further appeals, the Appellate Assis tant Commissioner and the Tribunal affirmed the order of the Income Tax Officer. Th e Hi gh Court also answered the reference in favour of Revenue.
HELD : Partit ion only cu ts o ff the claim of the dividing coparceners . When coparce ner receives his s hare · of the joint family property on a partition, such prope rty in the hands of the coparcener belongs to th e Hindu Undivided fa mily as the share of the property is taken by him only as representing his branch. Th statt1s of s uch copar cener on partition is not that uf an in dividual. [8 37 A-DJ Jn the insta nt case, the share of Tolaram in the partn e r~ h iμ which c:•me into bei•. 1g on the partition Qf the Hindu Undivided Fam il y cou ld not be regarded as hi s separate property. Jt beca me the propert y of the Joint Hindu F am il y of Tolararn and his sons since the bu siness prior to the partitio n of the Hindu Undivided fa mily was assessed as joint family bu siness and the partition deed s ig'rl ed b y Tolar am and ot hers itse lf contained a r ecital '. o that effect. [838 B-CI N. V. Rnre11dranath v. Commi. uioner of WM/th Tax, Andhra Pradc'l11 , 74 I. T. R.
190; followed. Chiranji/al v. Commissioner of Income Tax, (1965) 56 J. T. R. p . 715 @ 722 referred to. CIVIL APPELLATE J URISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1980 of 1972. Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Ord er dated 26-5-1 972 of the Assam & Nagaland High Court in I. T. R. No. 6 of 1968. B. B. Ahuja and S. K. Nandy, for the Appellant. T. A. Ramachandran and R . N. Sachthey, for the Respondent. TOLARAM v. C. I. T. (Beg, C. J. ) 835 The Judgment of the Court was delivered by BEG, C. J. -The appellant, a Hinda Undivided Family, is before us by special leave through its Karla Tolaram. The statement of the case shows that Narmal, who died in the year 1945, left three sons : Srinivas, Nathmal and Tolaram. Narmal had carried on an Hindn undivided family business started roundabout 1925. It appears that the name of the business was changed to Nathmal Tolaram from 1936- 37 and that the income of the business was assessed as Hindu Undivided Family income since then.
The previous records do not seem to be very clear, but, from the year 1942 to 1950, the income of this business was certainly assessed as Hindu Undivided Family income. It was partitioned with effect from 6th April, 1949. After the partition, the business carried on at two places, Dhubri and Gauripore, was converted into a partnership business evidenced by a deed of partnership executed by the three brothers on 7th April, 1949. In this deed, it was admitted that the business had been carried on previous to the partition a·s Hindu Undivided Family business. On 19th September, J 950, an application was made under section 25A of the Income-tax Act, 1922, to record and register the partition. This was done on 17th August, 1954. On 28th March. 1959. the firm of M/s. Nathmal Tolaram was dissolved and a new firm Nathmal Tolaram (Petrol Depot) came into existence.
Jn the assessment year, 1959-60 Tolaram claimed that his share in the partnership husine·ss ~hould be assessed separately as his individual income. His claim was rejected by the Income-tax Officer, but was accepted in appeal. We then come to the relevant assessment year 1960-61, when Tolaram made a similar claim to separate assessment of income derived · from the partnership business in petrol amountin:; to Rs. 21,746/-, The Income-ta Officer rejected this claim. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner also, on an appeal, after reviewing the entire set of facts and circumstances in the light of fresh materials which were available, affirmed the order of the Income-tax Officer rejecting the claim of the appellant. The Income-tax Tribunal and then the High Court also affirmed this posiiton.
The appellant, however, obtained special leave to appeal from the judgment of the High Court deciding the following question framed before it against the appellant : "Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in holding that the share" income of Rs. 21,746/- from Messrs Nathmal Tolaram (Petrol Depot) was assessable in the hands of the assessee family"? The position seems to be clear in law. The following passage in Mulla's Hindu Law, Fourteenth Edition, at p. 278 has been quoted and relied upon by the High Court : "228. Property jointly acquired. -(! ) Where property has bten acquired in business by persons constituting a joint Hindu family by their joint labour, the question arises whether the property so acquired is joint family property, or whether I tt is merely the joint property of the joint acquirers, or whether it is ordinary partnership property.
If it is joint family property, the male issue of the acquirers take an interest in it by birth (s. 221, sub. s. (1). lf it is the joint property of the acquirers, it will pass by survivorship, but the male issue of the acquirers does not take interest in it by birth (s. 221, sub. s. 2). lf it is partnership property, it is governed by the provisions of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, so that the sham of each of the joint acquirers will pass on his death to his heirs, and not by survivorship. (2) If the property so acquired is acquired with the aid ot joint family property, it becomes joint family property. (3) If the property so acquired is acquired without the aid of joint family property, the presumption is that it is the join!
property of the joint acquirers, but this presumption may be rebutted by proof that the persons constituting the joint family acquired the property not as members of a joint family, but as members of an ordinary trade partnership resting on contract, in which case the property will be deemed to be partnership property". \ ~ In the case before u's the finding of fact was that the property was not acquired as partnership property under a contract, but the part- · nership business was originally prior to partition Hindu Undivided Family business. Hence, there was no room for applying the principle that members of a joint Hindu family had not acquired the business as members of a joint family but in a separate capacity a:s individual , partners under a contract. The High Court rightly relied upon N. V. Narendranath v.
Com- ~ missioner of Wealth tax, Andlrra Pradesh,(') where this Court bad observed : "In the present case the property which is sought to be taxed in the hands of the appellant originally belonged to the Hindu undivided family belonging to the appellant, his father and his brothers. There were joint family properties of that Hindu undivided family when the partition took place between the appellant, his father and his brothers and these properties came to the share of the appellant and the question pre-sented for determination is whether they ceased to bear the character of joint family properties and became the absolute properties of the appellant. As pointed out by the Judicial Committee in Arunachalam's case (1957 A. C. 540) it is only by analysing the nature of the rights of the members of the undivided family, both those in being and those yet to be born, that it can be determined whether the family property can properly be described a:s "joint property of the undivided family.
Applying this test it is clear, though in the absence (I) 741. T. R. 190. TOLARAM v. C. J. T. (Beft, C. J. ) 837 -0f male issue the dividing coparcener may be properly des- ·Cribed in a sense as the owner of the properties, that upon the adoption of a son or birth of a son to him, it would l! ssume a different quality. It continues to be ancestral property in his hands as regards his male issue for their rights had already attached upon it and the partition only cuts off the claim of the dividing coparceners. The father and his male issue still remain joint. The same rule would apply even when a partition had been made before the b. irth cf the male issue or before a son is adopted, for the share which is taken at a partition by one of the coparceners is taken by him as representing his branch. Again, the ownership of the dividing .
coparcener is such "that female members of the family may have a right to maintenance out of it and in some circumstances to a charge for maintenance upon it". See Arunachalam' s case. It is evident that these are the incidents which arise because the properties have been and have not ceased to he joint family properties. It is no doubt true that there was a partition between the assessee, his wife dnd minor daughters on the one hand and his father and brothers on the other hand. But the effect of partition did not affect the character of these properties which did not cease to be joint family properties in the hands of the appellant. Our con-clusion is that when a coparcener having a wife and two minor daughters and no son receives his share ·of the joint family properties on partition, such property in the hands of the coparcener belongs to the Hindu undivided family of him'self, his wife and minor daughter and cannot be assessed as his individual property.
It is clear that the present case falls "-. / within the ratio of the decision of this Court in Gowli Bud- T dannds case (60 I. T. R. 293) and the Appellate Tribunal was right in holding that the status of the re·spondent was that of a Hindu undivided family and not that of an individual". Learned Counsel for the appellant had relied on Chiranii Lal v. Commi. rsioner of lncometax, U. P. ,(') where a Division Bench of the Allahabad High Court had observed (at p. 722) : "Once a partial partition is accepted as being genuine J and not a colourable or sham transaction, the share of capital of each such coparcener thereafter ceases to be joint family asset and becomes his individual asset de hors the family, and thereafter it is not possible to say that the nucleus for the new partnership business came from the Hindu undivided family funds.
The share income derived by the investment of such funds in a partnership bu'siness cannot be included in the assessment of the Hindu undivided family, unless it can be shown that the individual members who derived the share income had blended it with the income of the smaller Hindu undivided family or were nominees or benamidars for their family. No attempt has been made by the department to {I) f 1965) 56 I. T. R. p. 715@ 722. 15-119 SCJ/78 prove any snch thing. There was thus no material whatsoever for the finding of the Tribunal that the nucleus in respect of the capital which was duly divided in the books of the firm after partial partition still continued to be the nucleus of the funds belonging to the larger or the smaller joint family". In the case before us there is no difficulty in determinini: the character of any nucleus of divided property.
The business prior to the partition of the Hindu undivided family was a'ssessed as joint family business for a number of years without any protest by Tolaram. The partition deed signed by Tolaram and others itself contained a recital ! hat the business was a joint family business. The finding of fact reached by the Tribunal that the business was, until partition, a joint family business could not be said to be unreasonable or perverse. If that be so, the share of Tolaram in the partnership which came into being on th. e partition of the Hindu Undivided Family could not 1'e regarded as his separate property. It became the property of the joint Hindu family of Tolaram and his sons. This is the finding of fact, quite reasonably arrived at by the Tribunal, which the High Court had accepted. · Consequently, me are unable to accept the arguments put forward by Mr. Ahuja with considerable persistence before us. We dismiss this appeal.
But, in the circumstances of the case, we make no order as to costs. S. R. Appeal dismissed. • •
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