ZAHID HUSSEIN AND ORS. v. STATE OF WEST BENGAL AND ANR

Citation: [2001] 2 S.C.R. 442

Court: Supreme Court of India

Bench: S. RAJENDRA BABU, S.N. PHUKAN

Judgment text

ZAHID HUSSEIN AND ORS. V. STATE OF WEST BENGAL AND ANR. ' MARCH ! 5, 2001 [S. RAJENDRA BABU AND S. N. PHUKAN, JJ. ] Constitution of India, J950-A11icle 32-Premature release of' life convicts-State Government's refusal release on recommendations of the RtvieHl Board---On appeal Held, life in1p1isonnient does not auto1natically expire at the end o/20 years ofimprisonrnent-Appropriate Goveniment may exercise its discretion to n~mit either the ivhole or pa11 of it-Revie1v Board did not consider the socio-econonzic condition of#ieir fa1nilies and lvhether there 1vould be any fruitful purpose in confining them £11 jail-Reasons given ,for rejecting the prayer for pren1ature release 1vere irrelevant and devoid of any substance-West Bengal Correctional Sen•ices Act, 1992-West Bengal Rules for Superintendence and Management ofJails--Rules 591(29)(4). West Bengal Rules for Superintendence and Management of .

Tails- Rules 591(29)(4)-Prcmature release of life convicts-No provision for automatic release afte! _· co1npletion of 20 years of iinprisonment-However, they have the right to put up their cases for consideration before the State Gove1nment-Conducl of convicts in jail and their potentiality to commit cri1nes after release are i1nportant considerations-West Bengal Con·ectional Services Act, 1992-Section 61. Petitioners are life convicts who had served more than 18 years of actual imprisonment. "t'his Court had previously directed the State Government to reconsider their prayers for premature release under Rules 591(29)(4) of the West Beugal Rules for the Superintendence and Management of ,Jails.

A Review Board considered their cases and refused to grant premature release as the police report was adverse, their potentiality to commit crime had not reduced, there was possibility of their regrouping 'vith rdeased co-convicts, offences committed hy them were not individual acts hut had affected society at large, witnesses who had deposed against them were apprehensive and that one of the co-convicls who was granted premature release had been murdered in an encounter. Hence this petition under Article 32 of the Constitution of India, 1950. ZAHID HUSSEIN v. STATE 443 Petitioners contended that they were entitled to be released as a matter of right under the Rules and Explanation to Section 61 of the West t Bengal Correctional Services Act, 1992 as their total period of imprisonment exceeded 20 years.

• Respondents contended that there was no such right available, that life imprisonment means imprisonment for entire life of the prisoner; and that the appropriate Government only has the discretion whether to remit either whole or part of the sentence. Allowing the petitions, the Court HELD : 1. A sent•nce of imprisonment for life does not automatically expire at the end of 20 years of imprisonment including remission, as a sentence of imprisonment for life means a sentence for the entire life of the prisoner unless the appropriate government chooses to exercise its discretion to remit either the whole or part of the sentence. [445-C-D] Gopal Vinayak Godse v. The State ofMaharashtra and Ors. , (1961) 3 SCR 440; State ofMadhya Pradesh v. Ratan Singh and Ors. , [1976] 3 SCC 470; Sohan I. al v. Asha Ram and Ors. , [1981] 1 SCC 106 and Bhagirath v. Delhi Administration, [1985] 2 SCC 580, relied on. 2.

Rules 591(29)(4) of the West Bengal Rules for Superintendence and Management of Jails do not provide for automatic release of a life convict after he has completed 20 years of detention including remission. "" Under these sub-rules and the explanation to Section 61 of the West Bengal Correctional Services Act, 1992 the only right which a life convict can be said to have acquired is a right to have his case put up by prison authorities in time to the State Government for consideration for premature release and in doing so the government would follow the guidelines mentioned therein. (444-H; 445-A; BJ I. axman Naskar (l. ife Convict) v. State of WB. and Anr. , [2000) 7 SCC 626, relied on. 3. The conduct of the petitioners while in jail is an important factor to he considered as to whether they have lost their potentiality in committing crime due to long period of detention.

The views of the witnesses, who were examined during trial and the people of the locality cannot determine whether petitioners would be a danger to the locality, if released prema- turely. This has to be considered keeping in view the conduct of the Petitioners during the period they were undergoing sentence. Age alone cannot -f be a factor while considering whether the petitioners have still potentiality of committing crime or not as it will depend on changes in mental attitude during incarceration. (448-A; BJ · 4. The Review Board rud not take into account that the life convicts are in jail for more than 18 years. The Board also did not consider whether there would be any fruitful purpose of confining the convicts any more and also the socio-economic condition of their families.

The reason• given by it for rejecting the prayers for premature release of the petitioners are irrelevaut and devoid of any substance and the impugned orders of the Government are quashed, the matter is remitted again for deeirung it afresh within the period of 3 months. [448-C; E-F] CRIMINAL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition (Cr!. ) Nos. 274-277 of 2000. . . ~ Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India. B. S. Malik and Mrs. Santosh Singh for tl1e Petitioners. Mukul Rohatgi, Additional Solicitor General, Tara Chandra Sharma, Ajay Sharma, Rajeev Sharma and Ms. Ncelam Sharma for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by PHUKAN, J. Four life convicts have filed the ! 'resent Petitions under Article 32 of the Constitution challenging the orders of the State Government rejectiog their prayer for premature release. Four petition~. rs were convicted under Section 302/34 ! PC and sentenced to suffer rigqrous imprisonment for life.

They are in Central Correctional Home, Alip0te~ Kolkota and have served actual imprisonment ofmore than 18 years and the total period ofimp1isonment including remission being more than 24 ye and a life convict would not be entitled to automatic release under this provision of law. We, therefore, find no substance in the submission made by Mr. Malik, the learned senior counsel. Learned Additional Solicitor General has rightly pointed out that in view of the law laid down by this court a positive order of release has to be passed by the Government after due consideration. Now we have to consider whether the impugned orders are sustainable. From the conuter filed on behalf of. the Government, we find that the State Government constituted a Review Board to consider the cases of premature release of the petitioners. The said Review Board consists of the following: (1) Home Secretary Chairman (2) Judicial Secretary Convenor ZAHID HUSSEIN v. STATE [PHUKAN, J. ) 447 (3) l. G.

of Prison, West Bengal Member (4) Secretary Home (Jails) Member T Department . (5) Director General & l. G. of Police, Member West Bengal (6) . Commissioner of Police, Calcutta Member (7) Chief Probation Officer Member Following guidelines were famed by the Government for the premature release of life convicts, namely: (i) Whether the offence is an individual act of crime withont affecting the society at large; i (ii) Whether there is any chance offuture recurrence ofcommitting crime; (iii) Whether there is aoy fruitful pmpose of confining of these convicts any more; (iv) Whether the convicts have lost potentiality in committing crime; (v) Socio economic condition of the convicts' families.

The Review Board refused to grant premature release of the pcititioners on the following grounds: (I) Police report is adverse; (2) the convicts are not over aged person and as such have not lost the potentiality in committing crime; (3) since other co-convicts were trying to come out from jail, there was a possibility of re-grouping for anti-social activities; (4) the offence was not an individual act of crime but was affecting society at a large; (5) convicts were anti-social and; (6) the witnesses who had deposed at the trial as well as local people were apprehensive of retaliation in the event of premature release. In case of one of the petitioners~namely, Md. Talib, Review Board also noted one of the co-convicts was granted premature release who was murdered in an encounter after the release. We may state here that jail authority recommended premature release of the Writ Petitioners.

In our opinion, the conduct of the petitioners while in jail is an important factor to be considered as to whether they have lost f their potentiality in committing crime due to long period of detention. The views of the witnesses, who were examined during trial and the people of the locality cannot determine whether petitioners would be a danger to the locality, if released prematurely. This has to be considered keeping in view the conduct of the Petitioners during the period they were undergoing sentence. Age alone cannot be a factor while considering ·whether the petitioners have still potentiality of committing crime or not as it will depend on changes in mental attitude during incarceration. While coming to the conclusion for possibility of re-grouping for anti- ·social activities, the Review Board did not take into account that the life convicts are in jail for more than 18 years.

The Board also did not consider whether there would be any fruitful purpose of confining the convicts any more and also the socio-economic condition of their families. Regarding petitioner - Md Talib, the Review Board also noted that one co- convict was released prematurely and was murdered in the encounter with other criminals after his release. The learned Additional Solicitor General informed us that the said co-accused was released in the year 1991 and was murdered in the year 1998 and therefore in our opinion this fact has no nexus for consideralion of premature release of the petitioner, Md. Talib. We are, therefore, of the view that the reasons given by the Review Board for rejecting the prayers for premature release of the petitioners are irrelevant and devoid of any substance. Accordingly, we quash the impugned orders of the government and remit the matter again for deciding it afresh within the period of 3 months from today. .. In the result the Writ Petitions are allowed.

After issuance of the Rule, the same is made absolute. ~ AQ. Petitions allowed.